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Hydrodynamical model and experimental results of a calcium looping cycle for CO2 capture

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  • Lisbona, Pilar
  • Martínez, Ana
  • Romeo, Luis M.

Abstract

High temperature looping cycles involving solid circulation, such as carbonation–calcination, play an essential role among the CO2 capture technologies under development. The low cost and high availability of Ca-based sorbents together with the feasibility of integration between these capture systems and existing power plants lead to very competitive potential costs of avoided CO2, below 20€/tonne. Optimal configurations make use of several interconnected fluidized beds. One promising configuration for Ca-based sorbents looping systems relies on the use of two circulating beds (carbonator and calciner) and two bubbling beds acting as non-mechanical valves. Fluidized beds are well characterized when operating independently since they are extensively used in industrial applications, power and chemical plants. However, the operation when two or more fluidized beds exchange solid material through non-mechanical valves is still uncertain because of the more complex pressure balance of the system. Theoretical studies based on thermo-chemical simulations and experimental studies show that minimum CO2 capture cost is attained with large solid circulation flow between reactors. The challenge is to reach the required particle circulation in a system with a complex configuration and be able to control it. Solid internal recirculation in any of these fluidized beds would provide flexibility in its control but it will also make harder the characterization of the whole system. The aim of this work is to analyse the hydrodynamics of the system and to generate a comprehensive mathematical model to better understand the interaction between the elements of the system. Measurements of circulation rate, static pressure, voidage profiles and standpipe height of solids have been used to identify trends in the hydrodynamic behaviour of the whole system while varying fluidizing gas velocities in the risers, loop-seals, solid inventories in the reactors or size distribution of the particles. These measurements are also used to adjust and validate the mathematical model presented in this study.

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  • Lisbona, Pilar & Martínez, Ana & Romeo, Luis M., 2013. "Hydrodynamical model and experimental results of a calcium looping cycle for CO2 capture," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 317-322.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:101:y:2013:i:c:p:317-322
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.11.067
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    1. Wang, Jinsheng & Manovic, Vasilije & Wu, Yinghai & Anthony, Edward J., 2010. "A study on the activity of CaO-based sorbents for capturing CO2 in clean energy processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1453-1458, April.
    2. Chen, Huichao & Zhao, Changsui & Yang, Yanmei & Zhang, Pingping, 2012. "CO2 capture and attrition performance of CaO pellets with aluminate cement under pressurized carbonation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(1), pages 334-340.
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    1. Ortiz, C. & Valverde, J.M. & Chacartegui, R. & Perez-Maqueda, L.A. & Giménez, P., 2019. "The Calcium-Looping (CaCO3/CaO) process for thermochemical energy storage in Concentrating Solar Power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    2. Valverde, J.M. & Raganati, F. & Quintanilla, M.A.S. & Ebri, J.M.P. & Ammendola, P. & Chirone, R., 2013. "Enhancement of CO2 capture at Ca-looping conditions by high-intensity acoustic fields," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 538-549.
    3. Dou, Binlin & Song, Yongchen & Wang, Chao & Chen, Haisheng & Yang, Mingjun & Xu, Yujie, 2014. "Hydrogen production by enhanced-sorption chemical looping steam reforming of glycerol in moving-bed reactors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 342-349.
    4. Valverde, J.M. & Sanchez-Jimenez, P.E. & Perez-Maqueda, L.A., 2014. "Calcium-looping for post-combustion CO2 capture. On the adverse effect of sorbent regeneration under CO2," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 161-171.
    5. Perejón, Antonio & Romeo, Luis M. & Lara, Yolanda & Lisbona, Pilar & Martínez, Ana & Valverde, Jose Manuel, 2016. "The Calcium-Looping technology for CO2 capture: On the important roles of energy integration and sorbent behavior," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 787-807.
    6. Shrestha, Siddhartha & Ali, Brahim Si & Binti Hamid, Mahar Diana, 2016. "Cold flow model of dual fluidized bed: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1529-1548.
    7. Giuffrida, A. & Bonalumi, D. & Lozza, G., 2013. "Amine-based post-combustion CO2 capture in air-blown IGCC systems with cold and hot gas clean-up," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 44-54.
    8. Cho, Won Chul & Lee, Do Yeon & Seo, Myung Won & Kim, Sang Done & Kang, KyoungSoo & Bae, Ki Kwang & Kim, Change Hee & Jeong, SeongUk & Park, Chu Sik, 2014. "Continuous operation characteristics of chemical looping hydrogen production system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1667-1674.
    9. Valverde, Jose M. & Sanchez-Jimenez, Pedro E. & Perejon, Antonio & Perez-Maqueda, Luis A., 2013. "Constant rate thermal analysis for enhancing the long-term CO2 capture of CaO at Ca-looping conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 108-120.
    10. Aisyah, L. & Ashman, P.J. & Kwong, C.W., 2013. "Performance of coal fly-ash based oxygen carrier for the chemical looping combustion of synthesis gas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 44-50.
    11. Zhang, Xiaosong & Jin, Hongguang, 2013. "Thermodynamic analysis of chemical-looping hydrogen generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 800-807.
    12. Itskos, Grigorios & Grammelis, Panagiotis & Scala, Fabrizio & Pawlak-Kruczek, Halina & Coppola, Antonio & Salatino, Piero & Kakaras, Emmanuel, 2013. "A comparative characterization study of Ca-looping natural sorbents," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 373-382.
    13. Valverde, J.M. & Sanchez-Jimenez, P.E. & Perez-Maqueda, L.A. & Quintanilla, M.A.S. & Perez-Vaquero, J., 2014. "Role of crystal structure on CO2 capture by limestone derived CaO subjected to carbonation/recarbonation/calcination cycles at Ca-looping conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 264-275.
    14. Sanchez-Jimenez, P.E. & Perez-Maqueda, L.A. & Valverde, J.M., 2014. "Nanosilica supported CaO: A regenerable and mechanically hard CO2 sorbent at Ca-looping conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 92-99.

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    Keywords

    CO2 capture; Carbonate looping cycle; CFB; Hydrodynamic;
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