IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/anture/v91y2021ics0160738321001900.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Are we behaviorally immune to COVID-19 through robots?

Author

Listed:
  • Xiong, Xiling
  • Wong, IpKin Anthony
  • Yang, Fiona X.

Abstract

In the context of the health risks of the COVID-19 pandemic, tourists' choices have shifted to reflect a subconscious psychological mechanism – the behavioral immune system – that facilitates human organisms to better identify plausible threats to ones' health through environment cues. This research draws upon this theoretical lens to assess tourists' pre-trip hotel evaluation in two 2 × 2 between-subject experiments. Experiment 1 (robot vs. human) tested the service provider's effect on hotel selection evaluation through the mediation of sense of control and the moderation of pandemic risk. Experiment 2 examined this chain of relationship through the moderation of hotel type. This research contributes to the literature by underscoring the pathogen-avoidance mechanism in tourist evaluation and the peril of robotization.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiong, Xiling & Wong, IpKin Anthony & Yang, Fiona X., 2021. "Are we behaviorally immune to COVID-19 through robots?," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:anture:v:91:y:2021:i:c:s0160738321001900
    DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2021.103312
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160738321001900
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103312?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kock, Florian & Nørfelt, Astrid & Josiassen, Alexander & Assaf, A. George & Tsionas, Mike G., 2020. "Understanding the COVID-19 tourist psyche: The Evolutionary Tourism Paradigm," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    2. Chiara Longoni & Andrea Bonezzi & Carey K Morewedge, 2019. "Resistance to Medical Artificial Intelligence," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 46(4), pages 629-650.
    3. Kyeongheui Kim & Meng Zhang & Xiuping Li, 2008. "Effects of Temporal and Social Distance on Consumer Evaluations," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 35(4), pages 706-713, August.
    4. Aliperti, Giuseppe & Sandholz, Simone & Hagenlocher, Michael & Rizzi, Francesco & Frey, Marco & Garschagen, Matthias, 2019. "Tourism, Crisis, Disaster: An Interdisciplinary Approach," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    5. Bao Cheng & Xing Zhou & Gongxing Guo & Kezhen Yang, 2020. "Perceived Overqualification and Cyberloafing: A Moderated-Mediation Model Based on Equity Theory," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 164(3), pages 565-577, July.
    6. Boyoun (Grace) Chae & Rui (Juliet) Zhu, 2014. "Environmental Disorder Leads to Self-Regulatory Failure," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 40(6), pages 1203-1218.
    7. Thomas Davenport & Abhijit Guha & Dhruv Grewal & Timna Bressgott, 2020. "How artificial intelligence will change the future of marketing," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 24-42, January.
    8. Keisha M. Cutright, 2012. "The Beauty of Boundaries: When and Why We Seek Structure in Consumption," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 38(5), pages 775-790.
    9. Qing Li & Haiying Wei & Daniel Laufer, 2019. "How to Make an Industry Sustainable during an Industry Product Harm Crisis: The Role of a Consumer’s Sense of Control," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-15, May.
    10. Qiu, Richard T.R. & Park, Jinah & Li, ShiNa & Song, Haiyan, 2020. "Social costs of tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    11. Kock, Florian & Josiassen, Alexander & Assaf, A. George, 2019. "The xenophobic tourist," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 155-166.
    12. Tussyadiah, Iis, 2020. "A review of research into automation in tourism: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Tourism," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    13. Seo Young Kim & Bernd H. Schmitt & Nadia M. Thalmann, 2019. "Eliza in the uncanny valley: anthropomorphizing consumer robots increases their perceived warmth but decreases liking," Marketing Letters, Springer, vol. 30(1), pages 1-12, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Yawei & Kang, Qi & Zhou, Shoujiang & Dong, Yuanyuan & Liu, Junqi, 2022. "The impact of service robots in retail: Exploring the effect of novelty priming on consumer behavior," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    2. Liu, Xing (Stella) & Wan, Lisa C. & Yi, Xiao (Shannon), 2022. "Humanoid versus non-humanoid robots: How mortality salience shapes preference for robot services under the COVID-19 pandemic?," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    3. Yingying Yang & Peng Lu & Yuanyuan Niu & Guohong Yuan, 2024. "Research on Unmanned Smart Hotels Resistance from the Perspective of Innovation Resistance Theory," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(3), pages 21582440241, September.
    4. Chan, Elisa K., 2023. "Pandemic experience and locus of protection," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    5. Yanan Jia & Anshul Garg & Peihua Shi, 2024. "Research on Factors Influencing Hotel Consumers’ Health: A Systematic Review and Ways Forward," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-17, March.
    6. Choi, Sungwoo & Wan, Lisa C. & Mattila, Anna S., 2024. "Unintended indulgence in robotic service encounters," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    7. van Esch, Patrick & Cui, Yuanyuan (Gina) & Das, Gopal & Jain, Shailendra Pratap & Wirtz, Jochen, 2022. "Tourists and AI: A political ideology perspective," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    8. Huiyue Ye & Sunny Sun & Rob Law, 2022. "A Review of Robotic Applications in Hospitality and Tourism Research," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-15, August.
    9. Choi, Sungwoo & Yeon, Jihwan & Song, Hyoung Ju & Hu, Jihao, 2023. "Information technology as a buffer against COVID-19," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Liu, Xing (Stella) & Wan, Lisa C. & Yi, Xiao (Shannon), 2022. "Humanoid versus non-humanoid robots: How mortality salience shapes preference for robot services under the COVID-19 pandemic?," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    2. Zhang, Yaqiong & Wang, Shifu, 2023. "The influence of anthropomorphic appearance of artificial intelligence products on consumer behavior and brand evaluation under different product types," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    3. Jochen Wirtz & Valentina Pitardi, 2023. "How intelligent automation, service robots, and AI will reshape service products and their delivery," Italian Journal of Marketing, Springer, vol. 2023(3), pages 289-300, September.
    4. Wang, Yawei & Kang, Qi & Zhou, Shoujiang & Dong, Yuanyuan & Liu, Junqi, 2022. "The impact of service robots in retail: Exploring the effect of novelty priming on consumer behavior," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    5. Ming-Hui Huang & Roland T. Rust, 2021. "A strategic framework for artificial intelligence in marketing," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 49(1), pages 30-50, January.
    6. de Bellis, Emanuel & Venkataramani Johar, Gita, 2020. "Autonomous Shopping Systems: Identifying and Overcoming Barriers to Consumer Adoption," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 96(1), pages 74-87.
    7. Erik Hermann, 2022. "Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in Marketing for Social Good—An Ethical Perspective," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 179(1), pages 43-61, August.
    8. Huang, Ming-Hui & Rust, Roland T., 2022. "A Framework for Collaborative Artificial Intelligence in Marketing," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 209-223.
    9. Leah Warfield Smith & Randall Lee Rose & Alex R. Zablah & Heath McCullough & Mohammad “Mike” Saljoughian, 2023. "Examining post-purchase consumer responses to product automation," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 51(3), pages 530-550, May.
    10. Erica Mingotto & Michele Tamma, 2021. "Covid-19 and recovery strategies. Some insights from an ongoing exploratory study in the Italian hospitality industry: the case of the historic city centre of Venice," Working Papers 02, Venice School of Management - Department of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia.
    11. José F Baños-Pino & David Boto-García & Eduardo Del Valle & Inés Sustacha, 2023. "The impact of COVID-19 on tourists’ length of stay and daily expenditures," Tourism Economics, , vol. 29(2), pages 437-459, March.
    12. Jana Holthöwer & Jenny Doorn, 2023. "Robots do not judge: service robots can alleviate embarrassment in service encounters," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 51(4), pages 767-784, July.
    13. Chen, Nuoya & Mohanty, Smaraki & Jiao, Jinfeng & Fan, Xiucheng, 2021. "To err is human: Tolerate humans instead of machines in service failure," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    14. Blair, Sean, 2020. "How lacking control drives fluency effects in evaluative judgment," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 97-112.
    15. Sullivan, Yulia & Fosso Wamba, Samuel, 2024. "Artificial intelligence and adaptive response to market changes: A strategy to enhance firm performance and innovation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    16. Peng, Leiqing & Luo, Mengting & Guo, Yulang, 2023. "Deposit AI as the “invisible hand†to make the resale easier: A moderated mediation model," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    17. Poushneh, Atieh & Vasquez-Parraga, Arturo & Gearhart, Richard S., 2024. "The effect of empathetic response and consumers’ narcissism in voice-based artificial intelligence," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    18. Mari, Alex & Mandelli, Andreina & Algesheimer, René, 2024. "Empathic voice assistants: Enhancing consumer responses in voice commerce," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    19. Yang, Yikai & Zheng, Jiehui & Yu, Yining & Qiu, Yiling & Wang, Lei, 2024. "The role of recommendation sources and attribute framing in online product recommendations," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    20. David A. Schweidel & Yakov Bart & J. Jeffrey Inman & Andrew T. Stephen & Barak Libai & Michelle Andrews & Ana Babić Rosario & Inyoung Chae & Zoey Chen & Daniella Kupor & Chiara Longoni & Felipe Thomaz, 2022. "How consumer digital signals are reshaping the customer journey," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 50(6), pages 1257-1276, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:anture:v:91:y:2021:i:c:s0160738321001900. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/annals-of-tourism-research/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.