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Assessment of trunk diameter variation derived indices as water stress indicators in mature olive trees

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  • Cuevas, M.V.
  • Torres-Ruiz, J.M.
  • Álvarez, R.
  • Jiménez, M.D.
  • Cuerva, J.
  • Fernández, J.E.

Abstract

Plant age and size, seasonal growth patters and crop load, among other factors, have been reported to decrease the usefulness of trunk diameter variation (TDV) derived indices as water stress indicators in olive trees. Our hypothesis, however, is that indices derived from TDV records in old, big olive trees are sensitive enough to detect levels of water stress in trees of orchards under deficit irrigation that, although severe, are below the threshold for fruit shrivelling. This is of importance for the production of good quality oils, since fruit shrivelling may affect oil quality. The aim of this work was to assess different TDV-derived indices as water stress indicators in 40-year-old 'Manzanilla' olive trees with heavy crop load. We derived the maximum daily shrinkage (MDS), daily growth (DG) and daily recovery (DR) from TDV records taken during the 2008 dry season both in well-irrigated FAO trees and in deficit-irrigated RI trees. Measurements of volumetric soil water content ([theta]v), leaf water potential ([Psi]l), stomatal conductance (gs), net CO2 assimilation rate (A), water and oil accumulation in the fruits and yield parameters were made for both treatments. The trunks did not grow during the experimental season, either in the FAO or RI trees, likely because of the heavy crop load. Therefore, DG was useless as water stress indicator. For MDS and DR, which were responsive to the increase of the trees' water stress, we calculated the variability, quantified by the coefficient of variation (CV), the signal intensity (SI) and the sensitivity (SI/CV) values. In addition, we derived reference equations for irrigation scheduling from the relationships between MDS values in the FAO trees and main meteorological variables. Values both of SI-MDS and SI-DR were steady until September 9, despite of increasing differences in [theta]v between treatments from early in the dry season. The [Psi]l vs [theta]v values showed an outstanding capacity of the RI trees to take up water from the drying soil, and the [Psi]l vs gs values showed a near-isohydric behaviour of those deficit-irrigated trees. These results explain, at least in part, the lack of response of MDS and DR on that period. Both SI-MDS and SI-DR peaked for the first time on September 9, 16 days before the appearance of fruit shrivelling. Our results suggest that using TDV-derived indices as water stress indicators for irrigation scheduling in old olive orchards with medium to low plant densities, i.e. with large root zones, may be useless in case the irrigation strategy is aimed at keeping the soil close to field capacity. Nevertheless, the MDS and DR indices may be useful indicators for the avoidance of fruit shrivelling in deficit irrigated olive orchards for the production of good quality oil. Reliable reference equations for scheduling irrigation with the signal intensity approach were obtained from the regression of MDS values vs the daily maximum values of both the air temperature and the vapour pressure deficit of the air.

Suggested Citation

  • Cuevas, M.V. & Torres-Ruiz, J.M. & Álvarez, R. & Jiménez, M.D. & Cuerva, J. & Fernández, J.E., 2010. "Assessment of trunk diameter variation derived indices as water stress indicators in mature olive trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(9), pages 1293-1302, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:97:y:2010:i:9:p:1293-1302
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    1. Moreno, F. & Conejero, W. & Martin-Palomo, M.J. & Giron, I.F. & Torrecillas, A., 2006. "Maximum daily trunk shrinkage reference values for irrigation scheduling in olive trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 84(3), pages 290-294, August.
    2. Nortes, P.A. & Perez-Pastor, A. & Egea, G. & Conejero, W. & Domingo, R., 2005. "Comparison of changes in stem diameter and water potential values for detecting water stress in young almond trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 77(1-3), pages 296-307, August.
    3. Ortuño, M.F. & Conejero, W. & Moreno, F. & Moriana, A. & Intrigliolo, D.S. & Biel, C. & Mellisho, C.D. & Pérez-Pastor, A. & Domingo, R. & Ruiz-Sánchez, M.C. & Casadesus, J. & Bonany, J. & Torrecillas,, 2010. "Could trunk diameter sensors be used in woody crops for irrigation scheduling? A review of current knowledge and future perspectives," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(1), pages 1-11, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fernández, J.E., 2014. "Plant-based sensing to monitor water stress: Applicability to commercial orchards," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 99-109.
    2. Chehab, Hechmi & Tekaya, Mariem & Mechri, Beligh & Jemai, Abdelmajid & Guiaa, Mohamed & Mahjoub, Zoubeir & Boujnah, Dalenda & Laamari, Salwa & Chihaoui, Badreddine & Zakhama, Houda & Hammami, Mohamed , 2017. "Effect of the Super Absorbent Polymer Stockosorb® on leaf turgor pressure, tree performance and oil quality of olive trees cv. Chemlali grown under field conditions in an arid region of Tunisia," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 221-231.
    3. Silber, A. & Naor, A. & Israeli, Y. & Assouline, S., 2013. "Combined effect of irrigation regime and fruit load on the patterns of trunk-diameter variation of ‘Hass’ avocado at different phenological periods," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 87-94.
    4. Morales-Sillero, A. & García, J.M. & Torres-Ruiz, J.M. & Montero, A. & Sánchez-Ortiz, A. & Fernández, J.E., 2013. "Is the productive performance of olive trees under localized irrigation affected by leaving some roots in drying soil?," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 79-92.
    5. Fernandes, R.D.M. & Egea, G. & Hernandez-Santana, V. & Diaz-Espejo, A. & Fernández, J.E. & Perez-Martin, A. & Cuevas, M.V., 2021. "Response of vegetative and fruit growth to the soil volume wetted by irrigation in a super-high-density olive orchard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    6. Aureliano C. Malheiro & Mafalda Pires & Nuno Conceição & Ana M. Claro & Lia-Tânia Dinis & José Moutinho-Pereira, 2020. "Linking Sap Flow and Trunk Diameter Measurements to Assess Water Dynamics of Touriga-Nacional Grapevines Trained in Cordon and Guyot Systems," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-15, August.
    7. Egea, Gregorio & Fernández, José E. & Alcon, Francisco, 2017. "Financial assessment of adopting irrigation technology for plant-based regulated deficit irrigation scheduling in super high-density olive orchards," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 47-56.
    8. Abdelfatah, Ashraf & Aranda, Xavier & Savé, Robert & de Herralde, Felicidad & Biel, Carmen, 2013. "Evaluation of the response of maximum daily shrinkage in young cherry trees submitted to water stress cycles in a greenhouse," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 150-158.
    9. Corell, M. & Martín-Palomo, M.J. & Girón, I. & Andreu, L. & Trigo, E. & López-Moreno, Y.E. & Torrecillas, A. & Centeno, A. & Pérez-López, D. & Moriana, A., 2019. "Approach using trunk growth rate data to identify water stress conditions in olive trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 12-20.
    10. Egea, Gregorio & Padilla-Díaz, Carmen M. & Martinez-Guanter, Jorge & Fernández, José E. & Pérez-Ruiz, Manuel, 2017. "Assessing a crop water stress index derived from aerial thermal imaging and infrared thermometry in super-high density olive orchards," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 210-221.
    11. García-Tejero, I.F. & Hernández, A. & Padilla-Díaz, C.M. & Diaz-Espejo, A. & Fernández, J.E, 2017. "Assessing plant water status in a hedgerow olive orchard from thermography at plant level," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 50-60.
    12. Fernández, J.E. & Torres-Ruiz, J.M. & Diaz-Espejo, A. & Montero, A. & Álvarez, R. & Jiménez, M.D. & Cuerva, J. & Cuevas, M.V., 2011. "Use of maximum trunk diameter measurements to detect water stress in mature 'Arbequina' olive trees under deficit irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(12), pages 1813-1821, October.
    13. Pérez-López, D. & Pérez-Rodríguez, J.M. & Moreno, M.M. & Prieto, M.H. & Ramírez-Santa-Pau, M. & Gijón, M.C. & Guerrero, J. & Moriana, A., 2013. "Influence of different cultivars–locations on maximum daily shrinkage indicators: Limits to the reference baseline approach," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 31-39.
    14. Padilla-Díaz, C.M. & Rodriguez-Dominguez, C.M. & Hernandez-Santana, V. & Perez-Martin, A. & Fernández, J.E., 2016. "Scheduling regulated deficit irrigation in a hedgerow olive orchard from leaf turgor pressure related measurements," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 164(P1), pages 28-37.
    15. Alcaras, L. Martín Agüero & Rousseaux, M. Cecilia & Searles, Peter S., 2016. "Responses of several soil and plant indicators to post-harvest regulated deficit irrigation in olive trees and their potential for irrigation scheduling," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 10-20.
    16. Du, Shaoqing & Tong, Ling & Zhang, Xiaotao & Kang, Shaozhong & Du, Taisheng & Li, Sien & Ding, Risheng, 2017. "Signal intensity based on maximum daily stem shrinkage can reflect the water status of apple trees under alternate partial root-zone irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 21-30.

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