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Interactions between soil microbial communities and agronomic behavior in a mandarin crop subjected to water deficit and irrigated with reclaimed water

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  • Abadía, J.
  • Bastida, F.
  • Romero-Trigueros, C.
  • Bayona, J.M.
  • Vera, A.
  • García, C.
  • Alarcón, J.J.
  • Nicolás, E.

Abstract

The structural deficit of water resources in Mediterranean areas forces us to search for new sources of water for irrigation as a mandatory requirement for a sustainable agriculture. However, given their critical role in soil fertility, the impacts of irrigation in soil microbial communities must be carefully considered alongside the crop responses. Here, we evaluate the impacts of irrigation with water from different origins in the soil microbial community and on the tree physiology and fruit yield in a Mediterranean mandarin agroecosystem. Two sources of water for irrigation were considered: i) fresh water, with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS m−1, from the Tajo-Segura canal (transfer water, TW); and ii) reclaimed water (EC = 3.4 dS m−1) from a wastewater treatment plant (RW). Further, the two types of water were applied using two different regimes: control irrigation (C), to fully satisfy the crop water requirements (100% ETc), and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), in which the trees received half the amount of water applied to the C trees (50% ETc) during the second stage of fruit development. In the case of TW, RDI increased bacterial biomass, and urease and β-glucosidase activities in soil. In contrast, in the case of RW, RDI did not increase bacterial biomass in comparison to control (RW-C). Irrigation with RW caused a reduction in yield in comparison to TW treatments. The combined evaluation of the plant and soil responses to different irrigation strategies is essential in water-limited Mediterranean areas used to grow citrus crops that require less water and nutrients than other crops. Further, this crop can be favored by the use of low to moderate vigorous rootstocks. Our results demonstrate that RDI does not have a drastic negative impacts on crop yield when RW is used, and that there may be some positive effects in soil microbial communities when TW is used for irrigation.

Suggested Citation

  • Abadía, J. & Bastida, F. & Romero-Trigueros, C. & Bayona, J.M. & Vera, A. & García, C. & Alarcón, J.J. & Nicolás, E., 2021. "Interactions between soil microbial communities and agronomic behavior in a mandarin crop subjected to water deficit and irrigated with reclaimed water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:247:y:2021:i:c:s0378377421000147
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106749
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. García-Orenes, F. & Caravaca, F. & Morugán-Coronado, A. & Roldán, A., 2015. "Prolonged irrigation with municipal wastewater promotes a persistent and active soil microbial community in a semiarid agroecosystem," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 115-122.
    2. Nicolás, E. & Alarcón, JJ & Mounzer, O. & Pedrero, F. & Nortes, PA & Alcobendas, R. & Romero-Trigueros, C. & Bayona, JM & Maestre-Valero, JF, 2016. "Long-term physiological and agronomic responses of mandarin trees to irrigation with saline reclaimed water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 1-8.
    3. Robles, J.M. & Botía, P. & Pérez-Pérez, J.G., 2017. "Sour orange rootstock increases water productivity in deficit irrigated ‘Verna’ lemon trees compared with Citrus macrophylla," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 98-107.
    4. Grattan, S.R. & Díaz, F.J. & Pedrero, F. & Vivaldi, G.A., 2015. "Assessing the suitability of saline wastewaters for irrigation of Citrus spp.: Emphasis on boron and specific-ion interactions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 48-58.
    5. Mounzer, Oussama & Pedrero-Salcedo, Francisco & Nortes, Pedro A. & Bayona, José-Maria & Nicolás-Nicolás, Emilio & Alarcón, Juan José, 2013. "Transient soil salinity under the combined effect of reclaimed water and regulated deficit drip irrigation of Mandarin trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 23-29.
    6. Bastida, F. & Torres, I.F. & Abadía, J. & Romero-Trigueros, C. & Ruiz-Navarro, A. & Alarcón, J.J. & García, C. & Nicolás, E., 2018. "Comparing the impacts of drip irrigation by freshwater and reclaimed wastewater on the soil microbial community of two citrus species," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 53-62.
    7. Pedrero, F. & Maestre-Valero, J.F. & Mounzer, O. & Alarcón, J.J. & Nicolás, E., 2014. "Physiological and agronomic mandarin trees performance under saline reclaimed water combined with regulated deficit irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 228-237.
    8. Romero-Trigueros, Cristina & Nortes, Pedro A. & Alarcón, Juan J. & Hunink, Johannes E. & Parra, Margarita & Contreras, Sergio & Droogers, Peter & Nicolás, Emilio, 2017. "Effects of saline reclaimed waters and deficit irrigation on Citrus physiology assessed by UAV remote sensing," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 60-69.
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