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Why So Few Women Directors in Top UK Boardrooms? Evidence and Theoretical Explanations

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  1. Corniciuc, Iarina, 2021. "Does boardroom diversity impact the financial performance of FTSE 350 firms?," Warwick-Monash Economics Student Papers 07, Warwick Monash Economics Student Papers.
  2. Smith, Nina & Smith, Valdemar & Verner, Mette, 2005. "Do Women in Top Management Affect Firm Performance? A Panel Study of 2500 Danish Firms," IZA Discussion Papers 1708, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  3. Polona Domadenik & Janez Prašnikar & Jan Svejnar, 2016. "Political Connectedness, Corporate Governance, and Firm Performance," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 139(2), pages 411-428, December.
  4. Farzan Yahya & Ghulam Abbas & Ammar Ahmed & Muhammad Sadiq Hashmi, 2020. "Restrictive and Supportive Mechanisms for Female Directors’ Risk-Averse Behavior: Evidence From South Asian Health Care Industry," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(4), pages 21582440209, October.
  5. Sabrina Wieland & Benjamin Flavel, 2015. "The influence of gender diverse corporate boards on employee-orientation," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 19(4), pages 825-848, November.
  6. Johanna Adriaanse, 2016. "Gender Diversity in the Governance of Sport Associations: The Sydney Scoreboard Global Index of Participation," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 137(1), pages 149-160, August.
  7. Tunyi, Abongeh A. & Areneke, Geofry & Tob-Ogu, Abiye & Khalid, Sharif, 2023. "Doing more with more: Women on the board and firm employment," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
  8. Bibek Bhattacharya & Ipsu Khadka & Dalhia Mani, 2022. "Shaking Up (and Keeping Intact) the Old Boys’ Network: The Impact of the Mandatory Gender Quota on the Board of Directors in India," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 177(4), pages 763-778, May.
  9. John Hudson, 2009. "Talking up Social Capital: An Analysis of Social Voice," Department of Economics Working Papers 6/09, University of Bath, Department of Economics.
  10. Saibal Ghosh, 2023. "Stability versus soundness: what matters for women central bank governors?," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 2315-2338, August.
  11. Nguyen, Thi Hong Hanh & Ntim, Collins G. & Malagila, John K., 2020. "Women on corporate boards and corporate financial and non-financial performance: A systematic literature review and future research agenda," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  12. Peter J Baldacchino & Jean Paul Abela & Norbert Tabone & Simon Grima, 2021. "Board of Director Diversity and Its Corporate Governance Implications in Maltese Equity-Listed Companies," International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, vol. 11(4), pages 37-65.
  13. Atif, Muhammad & Hossain, Mohammed & Alam, Md Samsul & Goergen, Marc, 2021. "Does board gender diversity affect renewable energy consumption?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
  14. Hanen Khemakhem & Manel Maalej, 2024. "The gender gap: what about board members’ perspective?," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 28(2), pages 483-506, June.
  15. Liu, Haiming & Liang, Quanxi & Ling, Leng, 2022. "Underrepresentation of female CEOs in China: The role of culture, market forces, and foreign experience of directors," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
  16. Maria Camila De-La-Hoz & Carlos Pombo & Rodrigo Taborda, 2018. "Does board diversity affect institutional investor preferences? Evidence from Latin America," Documentos CEDE 15991, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
  17. Vincenzo Scafarto & Federica Ricci & Elisabetta Magnaghi & Salvatore Ferri, 2021. "Board structure and intellectual capital efficiency: does the family firm status matter?," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 25(3), pages 841-878, September.
  18. Kizys, Renatas & Mamatzakis, Emmanuel C. & Tzouvanas, Panagiotis, 2023. "Does genetic diversity on corporate boards lead to improved environmental performance?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  19. Beate Elstad & Gro Ladegard, 2012. "Women on corporate boards: key influencers or tokens?," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 16(4), pages 595-615, November.
  20. Rey Dang & Anne Françoise Bender & Marie José Scotto, 2014. "Women on French Corporate Board of Directors: How Do They Differ from their Male Counterparts?," Working Papers 2014-54, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
  21. Firas Farhan Jedi & Sabri Nayan, 2018. "An empirical evidence on the effect of women board representation on firm performance of companies listed in Iraq Stock Exchange," Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), Prague Development Center, vol. 14(1), pages 117-131, January.
  22. repec:ipg:wpaper:2014-054 is not listed on IDEAS
  23. Thi-Thanh Phan & Hai-Chin Yu, 2022. "Innovation, institutional ownerships and board diversity," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 59(4), pages 1647-1693, November.
  24. Ghosh, Saibal, 2017. "Why is it a man’s world, after all? Women on bank boards in India," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 109-121.
  25. Micha³ Zdziarski & Dominika Czerniawska, 2016. "Board Homophily, Board Diversity and Network Centrality (Homofilia, zroznicowanie i centralnosc rady w sieci)," Problemy Zarzadzania, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 14(60), pages 117-133.
  26. Rey Dang & Duc Khuong Nguyen & Linh-Chi Vo, 2014. "Does the Glass Ceiling Exist? A Longitudinal Study of Women’s Progress on French Corporate Boards," Working Papers 2014-239, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
  27. Rania B'eji & Ouidad Yousfi & Abdelwahed Omri, 2021. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance: A cognitive approach," Papers 2102.09218, arXiv.org.
  28. repec:ipg:wpaper:201413 is not listed on IDEAS
  29. Seierstad, Cathrine & Opsahl, Tore, 2011. "For the few not the many? The effects of affirmative action on presence, prominence, and social capital of women directors in Norway," Scandinavian Journal of Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 44-54, March.
  30. Muhammad Imran Nazir & Muhammad Zulfiqar & Muhammad Bilal Saeed & Yasir Habib, 2016. "The Influence of Board Characteristics on Shareholders Assessment of Risk for Small and Large Firms: Evidence from Pakistan," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 6(2), pages 596-606.
  31. Dorota Korenkiewicz & Wolfgang Maennig, 2023. "Women on a Corporate Board of Directors and Consumer Satisfaction," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(4), pages 3904-3928, December.
  32. Garanina, Tatiana & Muravyev, Alexander, 2021. "The gender composition of corporate boards and firm performance: Evidence from Russia," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
  33. Yasaman Sarabi & Matthew Smith & Heather McGregor & Dimitris Christopoulos, 2021. "Gendered brokerage and firm performance – An interlock analysis of the UK," International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 72(2), pages 306-330, June.
  34. Steven A. Brieger & Claude Francoeur & Christian Welzel & Walid Ben-Amar, 2019. "Empowering Women: The Role of Emancipative Forces in Board Gender Diversity," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 155(2), pages 495-511, March.
  35. Lara Lesch & Shannon Kerwin & Pamela Wicker, 2022. "State politics and gender diversity in sport governance," Economics of Governance, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 385-409, December.
  36. Jaime Guerrero-Villegas & Leticia Pérez-Calero & José Manuel Hurtado-González & Pilar Giráldez-Puig, 2018. "Board Attributes and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: A Meta-Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, December.
  37. Hahn, Peter D. & Lasfer, Meziane, 2016. "Impact of foreign directors on board meeting frequency," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 295-308.
  38. Angelo A. Unite & Michael J. Sullivan & Ailyn A. Shi, 2019. "Board Diversity and Performance of Philippine Firms: Do Women Matter?," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 25(1), pages 65-78, February.
  39. Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov & Rudholm, Niklas, 2012. "Does Gender Diversity in the Boardroom Improve Firm Performance?," HUI Working Papers 60, HUI Research.
  40. Ding, Shusheng & Du, Min & Cui, Tianxiang & Zhang, Yongmin & Duygun, Meryem, 2024. "Impact of board diversity on Chinese firms’ cross-border M&A performance: An artificial intelligence approach," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 1321-1335.
  41. Katarzyna Burzynska & Gabriela Contreras, 2020. "Affirmative action programs and network benefits in the number of board positions," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(8), pages 1-26, August.
  42. Halit Gonenc & Antonina V. Krasnikova, 2022. "Board Gender Diversity and Voluntary Carbon Emission Disclosure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-18, November.
  43. Morten Huse & Sabina Nielsen & Inger Hagen, 2009. "Women and Employee-Elected Board Members, and Their Contributions to Board Control Tasks," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 89(4), pages 581-597, November.
  44. Nguyen, Tuan & Nguyen, An & Nguyen, Mau & Truong, Thuyen, 2021. "Is national governance quality a key moderator of the boardroom gender diversity–firm performance relationship? International evidence from a multi-hierarchical analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 370-390.
  45. Hossein Tarighi & Zeynab Nourbakhsh Hosseiny & Maryam Akbari & Elaheh Mohammadhosseini, 2023. "The Moderating Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Relation between Corporate Governance and Firm Performance," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-43, June.
  46. Collins Ntim, 2015. "Board diversity and organizational valuation: unravelling the effects of ethnicity and gender," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 19(1), pages 167-195, February.
  47. María-Jose García-López & Maria Rosario Pacheco-Olivares & Hamid Hamoudi, 2024. "Board Gender Diversity and Firm Performance: An Analysis of the Causal Relationship in Spanish Listed Companies," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-21, January.
  48. Saveanu Tomina & Borza Adriana, 2010. "Psycho-Social Perceptions And Managerial Preferences Of Women Entrepreneurs In Western Romania," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, vol. 1(2), pages 1007-1012, December.
  49. Eric M. Bosire & Vincent O. Ongore, 2015. "Effects of Board Composition on Financial Performance: Empirical Analysis of Companies Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 5(1), pages 23-43.
  50. Song, Jun Myung, 2022. "Female senior managers and the gender equality environment: Evidence from south Korean firms," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
  51. García Lara, Juan Manuel & García Osma, Beatriz & Mora, Araceli & Scapin, Mariano, 2017. "The monitoring role of female directors over accounting quality," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 651-668.
  52. Amanpreet Kaur & Balwinder Singh, 2017. "Construing Reputation from Gender Diversity on Boards," Paradigm, , vol. 21(2), pages 111-125, December.
  53. Mijntje Lückerath-Rovers, 2013. "Women on boards and firm performance," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 17(2), pages 491-509, May.
  54. Zenovia Cristiana Pop & Anca Borza & Ovidiu Niculae Bordea, 2015. "Analysing The Corporate Mindset On Women Board Membership," GUT FME Conference Publications, in: Katarzyna Stankiewicz (ed.),Contemporary Issues and Challenges in Human Resource Management, chapter 12, pages 133-141, Faculty of Management and Economics, Gdansk University of Technology.
  55. Rita Goyal & Nada Kakabadse & Andrew Kakabadse & Danielle Talbot, 2023. "Female board directors' resilience against gender discrimination," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(1), pages 197-222, January.
  56. Rania Béji & Ouidad Yousfi & Abdelwahed Omri, 2020. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance: A cognitive approach," Post-Print hal-03144756, HAL.
  57. Thams, Yannick & Bendell, Bari L. & Terjesen, Siri, 2018. "Explaining women's presence on corporate boards: The institutionalization of progressive gender-related policies," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 130-140.
  58. Simon Rafaqat & Sahil Rafaqat & Saoul Rafaqat & Dawood Rafaqat, 2022. "The Impact of Workforce Diversity on Organizational Performance: A Review," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 14(2), pages 39-50.
  59. Carlo Drago & Francesco Millo & Roberto Ricciuti & Paolo Satella, 2011. "The Role of Women in the Italian Network of Boards of Directors, 2003-2010," Working Papers 10/2011, University of Verona, Department of Economics.
  60. Parrotta, Pierpaolo & Smith, Nina, 2013. "Why So Few Women on Boards of Directors? Empirical Evidence from Danish Companies 1997-2007," IZA Discussion Papers 7678, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  61. Nadia Loukil & Ouidad Yousfi, 2022. "Do CEO’s traits matter in innovation outcomes?," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 20(3), pages 375-403, September.
  62. Martin Kenney & Donald Patton & Siri Terjesen, 2024. "Gender diversity at entrepreneurial firm IPOs: responding to changing societal norms," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 63(3), pages 897-915, October.
  63. Mohsni, Sana & Otchere, Isaac & Shahriar, Saquib, 2021. "Board gender diversity, firm performance and risk-taking in developing countries: The moderating effect of culture," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
  64. Orhun Guldiken & Mark R. Mallon & Stav Fainshmidt & William Q. Judge & Cynthia E. Clark, 2019. "Beyond tokenism: How strategic leaders influence more meaningful gender diversity on boards of directors," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(12), pages 2024-2046, December.
  65. Gillian Warner-Søderholm & Patricia Gabaldon Quinones & Cathrine Seierstad & Carl Åberg, 2023. "Getting More Women on Boards: Cultural and Institutional Antecedents That Matter," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(3), pages 21582440231, August.
  66. Nina Smith & Valdemar Smith & Mette Verner, 2006. "Do women in top management affect firm performance?A panel study of 2,500 Danish firms," International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 55(7), pages 569-593, October.
  67. Yu-Hui Wang, 2020. "Does Board Gender Diversity Bring Better Financial and Governance Performances? An Empirical Investigation of Cases in Taiwan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-10, April.
  68. Mariasole Bannò & Giorgia Maria D’Allura & Graziano Coller & Celeste Varum, 2023. "Men are from Mars, women are from Venus: on lenders’ stereotypical views and the implications for a firm’s debt," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 27(2), pages 651-687, June.
  69. Nina Smith & Pierpaolo Parrotta, 2018. "Why so Few Women on Boards of Directors? Empirical Evidence from Danish Companies in 1998–2010," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 147(2), pages 445-467, January.
  70. Leonardo Badea & Daniel Ştefan Armeanu & Dan Costin Nițescu & Valentin Murgu & Iulian Panait & Boris Kuzman, 2020. "A Study of the Relative Stock Market Performance of Companies Recognized for Supporting Gender Equality Policies and Practices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-20, April.
  71. Goh, Lisa & Gupta, Aditi, 2016. "Remuneration of non-executive directors: Evidence from the UK," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(3), pages 379-399.
  72. Wang, Liang & Xie, Zaiyang & Abdi, Majid & Lee, June Y. & Li, Stan Xiao, 2024. "The rise of female board representation in China as a glocalization process (2010–2018)," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
  73. repec:eid:wpaper:6/09 is not listed on IDEAS
  74. Ashish Arora & Michelle Gittelman & Sarah Kaplan & John Lynch & Will Mitchell & Nicolaj Siggelkow & Cristian L. Dezső & David Gaddis Ross & Jose Uribe, 2016. "Is there an implicit quota on women in top management? A large-sample statistical analysis," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(1), pages 98-115, January.
  75. Magda Bianco & Angela Ciavarella & Rossella Signoretti, 2013. "Women on corporate boards in Italy," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 174, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
  76. Rekha Handa, 2021. "Does Presence of Foreign Directors Make a Difference? A Case of Indian IPOs," Business Perspectives and Research, , vol. 9(1), pages 111-127, January.
  77. Low, Daniel C.M. & Roberts, Helen & Whiting, Rosalind H., 2015. "Board gender diversity and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Hong Kong, South Korea, Malaysia and Singapore," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 35(PA), pages 381-401.
  78. AlHares, Aws & Ntim, Collins & King, David, 2018. "Block Ownership and Companies' R&D Intensity: The Moderating Effect Of Culture," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 15(2), pages 19-32.
  79. Domadenik, Polona & Prašnikar, Janez & Svejnar, Jan, 2014. "Legal Corruption, Politically Connected Corporate Governance and Firm Performance," IZA Discussion Papers 8321, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  80. von Essen, Emma & Smith, Nina, 2024. "Do Women on Boards Matter? Network and Spillover Effects on Gender Gaps within Firms," IZA Discussion Papers 17401, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  81. Kara, Alper & Nanteza, Aziidah & Ozkan, Aydin & Yildiz, Yilmaz, 2022. "Board gender diversity and responsible banking during the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  82. Silke Machold & Pervaiz Ahmed & Stuart Farquhar, 2008. "Corporate Governance and Ethics: A Feminist Perspective," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 81(3), pages 665-678, September.
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