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Gender Diversity in the Governance of Sport Associations: The Sydney Scoreboard Global Index of Participation

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  • Johanna Adriaanse

    (University of Technology Sydney)

Abstract

This paper examines gender diversity in sport governance globally. Theoretically, the study draws on gender dynamics in organisations, in particular on Kanter’s concepts of gender ratios and critical mass. An audit of the gender ratio on boards of National Sport Organisations (n = 1,600) was conducted in 45 countries. Data were collected through the Sydney Scoreboard, an interactive website that tracks women’s presence on sport boards internationally. Findings show that women remain under-represented on three key indicators: as board directors (global mean 19.7 %), board chairs (10.8 %) and chief executives (16.3 %). Few countries have achieved a critical mass of 30 % representation and no continent has achieved the critical mass on any of the three indicators. Women’s under-representation in sport governance is due to complex gender dynamics. Gender diversity on sport boards is associated with four interwoven dimensions of gender relations: production, power, emotion and symbolism. The combination of the four dimensions produces an environment that may or may not be conducive to gender diversity.

Suggested Citation

  • Johanna Adriaanse, 2016. "Gender Diversity in the Governance of Sport Associations: The Sydney Scoreboard Global Index of Participation," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 137(1), pages 149-160, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jbuset:v:137:y:2016:i:1:d:10.1007_s10551-015-2550-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s10551-015-2550-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Adriaanse, Johanna A. & Schofield, Toni, 2013. "Analysing gender dynamics in sport governance: A new regimes-based approach," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 498-513.
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    5. Johanna A. Adriaanse & Toni Schofield, 2013. "Analysing gender dynamics in sport governance: A new regimes-based approach," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(4), pages 498-513, October.
    6. Skirstad, Berit, 2009. "Gender policy and organizational change: A contextual approach," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 202-216, November.
    7. Niclas L. Erhardt & James D. Werbel & Charles B. Shrader, 2003. "Board of Director Diversity and Firm Financial Performance," Corporate Governance: An International Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(2), pages 102-111, April.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Bello, Lawal, 2024. "Women Directors: An Empirical Test of Critical Mass Hypothesis," International Business Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 17(2), pages 1-46, April.
    3. Marjukka Mikkonen & Jari Stenvall & Kati Lehtonen, 2021. "The Paradox of Gender Diversity, Organizational Outcomes, and Recruitment in the Boards of National Governing Bodies of Sport," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-16, November.
    4. Bello, Lawal, 2023. "Women Directors: Revisiting Critical Mass Hypothesis," International Business Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 16(7), pages 1-85, July.
    5. Tampakoudis, Ioannis & Nerantzidis, Michail & Eweje, Gabriel & Leventis, Stergios, 2022. "The impact of gender diversity on shareholder wealth: Evidence from European bank M&A," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    6. Spaaij, Ramón & Knoppers, Annelies & Jeanes, Ruth, 2020. "“We want more diversity but…”: Resisting diversity in recreational sports clubs," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 363-373.
    7. Lara Lesch & Shannon Kerwin & Tim F. Thormann & Pamela Wicker, 2022. "Critical Masses and Gender Diversity in Voluntary Sport Leadership: The Role of Economic and Social State-Level Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.
    8. Helmut Dietl & Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez & Cornel Nesseler, 2017. "Are women or men better team managers? Evidence from professional team sports," Working Papers 364, University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration (IBW).
    9. Gomez-Gonzalez, Carlos & Dietl, Helmut & Nesseler, Cornel, 2019. "Does performance justify the underrepresentation of women coaches? Evidence from professional women’s soccer," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(5), pages 640-651.
    10. Lara Lesch & Shannon Kerwin & Pamela Wicker, 2022. "State politics and gender diversity in sport governance," Economics of Governance, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 385-409, December.

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