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Vertikale Preisbeziehungen - Beziehungen zwischen Erzeuger und Verbraucherpreisen

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  • von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan

Abstract

[Einleitung und Lernziele] Mit wenigen Ausnahmen kaufen Verbraucher in Industrieländern nur wenige Lebensmittel direkt vom Acker bzw. vom Stall. Stattdessen werden die meisten Agrarerzeugnisse am Ende eines langen und mehrstufigen Weges 'from the farm to the fork' konsumiert. Auf diesem Weg werden die Agrarerzeugnisse sortiert, geprüft, transportiert, gelagert, verpackt und in Einzelhandelsregale gestellt, aber in der Regel auch physisch transformiert, verarbeitet und mit anderen Produkten kombiniert: aus Äpfeln wird Saft gewonnen; aus Schlachtrindern verschiedene Teilstücke, Leder und Wurstwaren; aus Tomaten, Zwiebeln, Broccoli und anderen Zutaten eine vegetarische Pizza. Mit dem Geld, das Verbraucher für Lebensmittel ausgeben, werden demnach nicht nur die in diesen Lebensmitteln enthaltenen landwirtschaftlichen Rohprodukte entgolten, sondern auch die vielen anderen Sach- und Dienstleistungen, die den Rohprodukten im Zuge ihrer Verarbeitung und Vermarktung hinzugefügt wurden. 2018 erhielten Landwirte in Deutschland von jedem Euro, den Verbraucher für Lebensmittel ausgegeben haben, 20,8 Cent (Abbildung 9.1). Dieser Anteil variiert allerdings erheblich. Zum einen nach Produkt: Getreideerzeuger erhielten 4,1 Cent von jedem Euro, den Verbraucher für Brot ausgegeben haben; Erzeuger von Eiern dagegen 48,5 Cent von den Konsumausgaben für Schaleneier. Zum anderen im Zeitablauf, denn dieser Anteil folgt auch seit Jahrzehnten einem fallenden Trend: Anfang der 1970er Jahre erhielten die Landwirte in Deutschland 47,5 Cent von jedem Euro (bzw. DM), den die Verbraucher für Lebensmittel ausgaben, mehr als doppelt so viel wie die oben genannten 20,8 Cent aus dem Jahr 2018. Allerdings ist aus Abbildung 1 ersichtlich, dass der Anteil der Landwirtschaft an den Verbraucherausgaben sich seit etwa 10 Jahren stabilisiert hat und bei Eiern sogar wieder leicht ansteigt. [...]

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  • von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan, 2021. "Vertikale Preisbeziehungen - Beziehungen zwischen Erzeuger und Verbraucherpreisen," IAMO Discussion Papers 195, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iamodp:195
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    References listed on IDEAS

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