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Wie könnte ein Tankstellenaufbau für Brennstoffzellen-Lkw in Deutschland aussehen?

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  • Rose, Philipp
  • Wietschel, Martin
  • Gnann, Till

Abstract

In diesem Working Paper wird ein möglicher Tankstellenaufbau für schwere Brennstoffzellen-Lkw (BZ-Lkw) in Deutschland bis 2050 auf Basis eines wissenschaftlichen Simulationsmodells skizziert. Bestehende oder sich im Aufbau befindliche Wasserstoff(H2)-Tankstellen für Pkw können nicht oder nur eingeschränkt zum Betanken von Brennstoffzellen verwendet werden, weil andere Anforderungen, hervorgerufen durch die deutliche größere Wasserstoffnachfrage, bestehen. Um eine bedarfsgerechte Tankstelleninfrastruktur für BZ-Lkw aufzubauen, muss schon relativ früh eine Flächendeckung erreicht werden. Die Stationen werden relativ gleichmäßig über das Autobahnnetz verteilt. Zudem kann man eine Konzentration entlang der Transitrouten sowie in Industrieregionen erkennen. Diese Tankstellen sind zu Beginn unterausgelastet, und es stellt sich die Frage nach Geschäftsmodellen. Im Endausbau reichen ca. 140 Tankstellen, um den kompletten Bedarf, wenn alle schweren Lkw in Deutschland Wasserstoff tanken würden, abzudecken. Hierfür fallen rund 9 Mrd. €/Jahr an Kosten an (Tankstelleninvestitionen plus Wasserstofferzeugungskosten). Durch Analysen mit einem Energiesystemmodell kann gezeigt werden, dass eine flexible Steuerung der Elektrolyseure nach Strompreissignalen an den Tankstellen die Kosten deutlich senken kann (um ca. 1 Mrd. €/Jahr).

Suggested Citation

  • Rose, Philipp & Wietschel, Martin & Gnann, Till, 2020. "Wie könnte ein Tankstellenaufbau für Brennstoffzellen-Lkw in Deutschland aussehen?," Working Papers "Sustainability and Innovation" S09/2020, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:fisisi:s092020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kluschke, P. & Nugroho, R. & Gnann, T. & Plötz, P. & Wietschel, M. & Reuter-Oppermann, M., 2020. "Optimal development of alternative fuel station networks considering node capacity restrictions," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 124968, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    2. Plötz, Patrick & Gnann, Till & Jochem, Patrick & Yilmaz, Hasan Ümitcan & Kaschub, Thomas, 2019. "Impact of electric trucks powered by overhead lines on the European electricity system and CO2 emissions," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 32-40.
    3. Kluschke, Philipp & Uebel, Maren & Wietschel, Martin, 2019. "Alternative Antriebe im straßengebundenen Schwerlastverkehr: Eine quantitative Ermittlung der Nutzeranforderungen an schwere Lkw und deren Infrastruktur," Working Papers "Sustainability and Innovation" S05/2019, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI).
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