IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i7p5701-d1106428.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Capabilities Analysis of Electricity Energy Conservation and Carbon Emissions Reduction in Multi-Level Battery Electric Passenger Vehicle in China

Author

Listed:
  • Jun Li

    (Logistics School, Beijing Wuzi University, 321 Fuhe Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101126, China
    Institute for Carbon Peak and Neutrality, Beijing Wuzi University, 321 Fuhe Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101126, China)

  • Bin Yang

    (Logistics Research Center, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Avenue, Pudong, Shanghai 201306, China)

  • Mingke He

    (E-Business School, Beijing Technology and Business University, No.11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China)

Abstract

The battery electric passenger vehicle (BEPV) has the potential to conserve electric energy and reduce carbon emissions, making it an effective tool for achieving low-carbon development in the road transport industry by replacing the internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV). Several factors, such as comprehensive electricity power generation efficiency, proportion of thermal power, vehicle technical performance, regional mileage credibility and low temperature, affect the BEPV’s electricity energy consumption and carbon emissions. In this study, an electricity conservation index model and a carbon emission reduction index model for multilevel BEPVs are established to evaluate their capabilities of electricity energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction, considering the electricity supply chain, including the generation and transmission of electricity. The research shows that the electricity energy conservation ability of BEPVs is not outstanding, but their carbon emissions reduction ability is strong. When the composition of energy for electricity generation is transformed from 2025 to 2035, with a 10% increase in comprehensive electricity generation efficiency, all levels of BEPVs show fruitful electricity energy conservation ability. When the proportion of thermal power decreases to 10%, the carbon emissions reduction is exponentially reduced to 1/25 to 1/30 of ICEV’s total carbon emissions. However, the regional mileage credibility weakens the BEPVs’ ability to save energy and reduce emissions in most Chinese provinces except for the southwest and the south regional provinces, where the regional mileage credibility parameter can increase the energy conservation and carbon emission reduction performance of A00+A0 level BEPV. Low temperatures make BEPV models lose their electricity energy conservation advantage, but most models still have the characteristic of carbon emissions reduction. On this basis, the electricity energy consumption and carbon emissions of all BEPV models are higher than those of ICEVs when the low temperature endurance mileage accuracy is added.

Suggested Citation

  • Jun Li & Bin Yang & Mingke He, 2023. "Capabilities Analysis of Electricity Energy Conservation and Carbon Emissions Reduction in Multi-Level Battery Electric Passenger Vehicle in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-24, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:5701-:d:1106428
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/7/5701/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/7/5701/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xiong, Siqin & Wang, Yunshi & Bai, Bo & Ma, Xiaoming, 2021. "A hybrid life cycle assessment of the large-scale application of electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    2. Gan, Yu & Wang, Michael & Lu, Zifeng & Kelly, Jarod, 2021. "Taking into account greenhouse gas emissions of electric vehicles for transportation de-carbonization," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    3. Sykes, Maxwell & Axsen, Jonn, 2017. "No free ride to zero-emissions: Simulating a region's need to implement its own zero-emissions vehicle (ZEV) mandate to achieve 2050 GHG targets," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 447-460.
    4. Graff Zivin, Joshua S. & Kotchen, Matthew J. & Mansur, Erin T., 2014. "Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of marginal emissions: Implications for electric cars and other electricity-shifting policies," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 107(PA), pages 248-268.
    5. Axsen, Jonn & Kurani, Kenneth S. & McCarthy, Ryan & Yang, Christopher, 2011. "Plug-in hybrid vehicle GHG impacts in California: Integrating consumer-informed recharge profiles with an electricity-dispatch model," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 1617-1629, March.
    6. Bellocchi, Sara & Klöckner, Kai & Manno, Michele & Noussan, Michel & Vellini, Michela, 2019. "On the role of electric vehicles towards low-carbon energy systems: Italy and Germany in comparison," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    7. Li, Zhenhe & Khajepour, Amir & Song, Jinchun, 2019. "A comprehensive review of the key technologies for pure electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 824-839.
    8. Choi, Hyunhong & Shin, Jungwoo & Woo, JongRoul, 2018. "Effect of electricity generation mix on battery electric vehicle adoption and its environmental impact," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 13-24.
    9. Mundaca, Luis & Román-Collado, Rocío & Cansino, José M., 2022. "Assessing the impacts of social norms on low-carbon mobility options," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    10. Plötz, Patrick & Gnann, Till & Jochem, Patrick & Yilmaz, Hasan Ümitcan & Kaschub, Thomas, 2019. "Impact of electric trucks powered by overhead lines on the European electricity system and CO2 emissions," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 32-40.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nenming Wang & Guwen Tang, 2022. "A Review on Environmental Efficiency Evaluation of New Energy Vehicles Using Life Cycle Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-35, March.
    2. Powell, Siobhan & Martin, Sonia & Rajagopal, Ram & Azevedo, Inês M.L. & de Chalendar, Jacques, 2024. "Future-proof rates for controlled electric vehicle charging: Comparing multi-year impacts of different emission factor signals," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    3. Ahmed, Abdelsalam A. & Ramadan, Haitham S., 2020. "Prototype implementation of advanced electric vehicles drivetrain system: Verification and validation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    4. Kitt, Shelby & Axsen, Jonn & Long, Zoe & Rhodes, Ekaterina, 2021. "The role of trust in citizen acceptance of climate policy: Comparing perceptions of government competence, integrity and value similarity," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    5. Choi, Hyunhong & Koo, Yoonmo, 2023. "New technology product introduction strategy with considerations for consumer-targeted policy intervention and new market entrant," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 186(PA).
    6. Hamels, Sam & Himpe, Eline & Laverge, Jelle & Delghust, Marc & Van den Brande, Kjartan & Janssens, Arnold & Albrecht, Johan, 2021. "The use of primary energy factors and CO2 intensities for electricity in the European context - A systematic methodological review and critical evaluation of the contemporary literature," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    7. Amela Ajanovic, 2022. "The impact of COVID‐19 on the market prospects of electric passenger cars," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(5), September.
    8. Sofiane Bacha & Ramzi Saadi & Mohamed Yacine Ayad & Mohamed Sahraoui & Khaled Laadjal & Antonio J. Marques Cardoso, 2023. "Autonomous Electric-Vehicle Control Using Speed Planning Algorithm and Back-Stepping Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-26, March.
    9. Sheldon, Tamara L. & Dua, Rubal, 2018. "Gasoline savings from clean vehicle adoption," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 418-424.
    10. de Chalendar, Jacques A. & Benson, Sally M., 2021. "A physics-informed data reconciliation framework for real-time electricity and emissions tracking," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    11. Todd D. Gerarden & Richard G. Newell & Robert N. Stavins, 2017. "Assessing the Energy-Efficiency Gap," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 55(4), pages 1486-1525, December.
    12. Xie, Yunkun & Li, Yangyang & Zhao, Zhichao & Dong, Hao & Wang, Shuqian & Liu, Jingping & Guan, Jinhuan & Duan, Xiongbo, 2020. "Microsimulation of electric vehicle energy consumption and driving range," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    13. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    14. Chen, Jie & Wang, Ruochen & Ding, Renkai & Luo, Ding, 2024. "Matching design and numerical optimization of automotive thermoelectric generator system applied to range-extended electric vehicle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 370(C).
    15. Desreveaux, A. & Bouscayrol, A. & Trigui, R. & Hittinger, E. & Castex, E. & Sirbu, G.M., 2023. "Accurate energy consumption for comparison of climate change impact of thermal and electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    16. Bhardwaj, Chandan & Axsen, Jonn & Kern, Florian & McCollum, David, 2020. "Why have multiple climate policies for light-duty vehicles? Policy mix rationales, interactions and research gaps," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 309-326.
    17. Feiyu Hou & Fei Yao & Zheng Li, 2022. "A Torque-Compensated Fault-Tolerant Control Method for Electric Vehicle Traction Motor with Short-Circuit Fault," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-17, October.
    18. Lane, Blake & Kinnon, Michael Mac & Shaffer, Brendan & Samuelsen, Scott, 2022. "Deployment planning tool for environmentally sensitive heavy-duty vehicles and fueling infrastructure," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    19. Philippe Aghion & Antoine Dechezleprêtre & David Hémous & Ralf Martin & John Van Reenen, 2016. "Carbon Taxes, Path Dependency, and Directed Technical Change: Evidence from the Auto Industry," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 124(1), pages 1-51.
    20. Audoly, Richard & Vogt-Schilb, Adrien & Guivarch, Céline & Pfeiffer, Alexander, 2018. "Pathways toward zero-carbon electricity required for climate stabilization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 884-901.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:5701-:d:1106428. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.