IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/tin/wpaper/20140067.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Interpreting Financial Market Crashes as Earthquakes: A New early Warning System for Medium Term Crashes

Author

Listed:
  • Francine Gresnigt
  • Erik Kole
  • Philip Hans Franses

    (Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands)

Abstract

This discussion paper has led to a publication in the Journal of Banking and Finance , 2015, 56, 123-139. We propose a modeling framework which allows for creating probability predictions on a future market crash in the medium term, like sometime in the next five days. Our framework draws upon noticeable similarities between stock returns around a financial market crash and seismic activity around earthquakes. Our model is incorporated in an Early Warning System for future crash days. Testing our EWS on S&P 500 data during the recent financial crisis, we find positive Hanssen-Kuiper Skill Scores. Furthermore our modeling framework is capable of exploiting information in the returns series not captured by well known and commonly used volatility models. EWS based on our models outperform EWS based on the volatility models forecasting extreme price movements, while forecasting is much less time-consuming.

Suggested Citation

  • Francine Gresnigt & Erik Kole & Philip Hans Franses, 2014. "Interpreting Financial Market Crashes as Earthquakes: A New early Warning System for Medium Term Crashes," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 14-067/III, Tinbergen Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:tin:wpaper:20140067
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://papers.tinbergen.nl/14067.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stephen J. Hardiman & Nicolas Bercot & Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, 2013. "Critical reflexivity in financial markets: a Hawkes process analysis," Papers 1302.1405, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2013.
    2. F. Baldovin & F. Camana & M. Caporin & M. Caraglio & A.L. Stella, 2015. "Ensemble properties of high-frequency data and intraday trading rules," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(2), pages 231-245, February.
    3. D. Sornette, 2003. "Critical Market Crashes," Papers cond-mat/0301543, arXiv.org.
    4. Bauwens, Luc & Giot, Pierre & Grammig, Joachim & Veredas, David, 2004. "A comparison of financial duration models via density forecasts," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 589-609.
    5. Yosihiko Ogata, 1998. "Space-Time Point-Process Models for Earthquake Occurrences," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 50(2), pages 379-402, June.
    6. Bowsher, Clive G., 2007. "Modelling security market events in continuous time: Intensity based, multivariate point process models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 141(2), pages 876-912, December.
    7. repec:bla:jecsur:v:22:y:2008:i:4:p:711-751 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Vladimir Filimonov & Didier Sornette, 2013. "Apparent Criticality and Calibration Issues in the Hawkes Self-Excited Point Process Model: Application to High-Frequency Financial Data," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 13-60, Swiss Finance Institute.
    9. Clark, Todd E. & West, Kenneth D., 2007. "Approximately normal tests for equal predictive accuracy in nested models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 138(1), pages 291-311, May.
    10. Zhuang J. & Ogata Y. & Vere-Jones D., 2002. "Stochastic Declustering of Space-Time Earthquake Occurrences," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 97, pages 369-380, June.
    11. Earvin Balderama & Frederic Paik Schoenberg & Erin Murray & Philip W. Rundel, 2012. "Application of Branching Models in the Study of Invasive Species," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 107(498), pages 467-476, June.
    12. Allen, David & Lazarov, Zdravetz & McAleer, Michael & Peiris, Shelton, 2009. "Comparison of alternative ACD models via density and interval forecasts: Evidence from the Australian stock market," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 79(8), pages 2535-2555.
    13. Fulvio Baldovin & Francesco Camana & Michele Caraglio & Attilio L. Stella & Marco Zamparo, 2012. "Aftershock prediction for high-frequency financial markets' dynamics," Papers 1203.5893, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2012.
    14. Robert F. Engle & Jeffrey R. Russell, 1998. "Autoregressive Conditional Duration: A New Model for Irregularly Spaced Transaction Data," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 66(5), pages 1127-1162, September.
    15. Andersen, Torben G. & Bollerslev, Tim & Christoffersen, Peter F. & Diebold, Francis X., 2006. "Volatility and Correlation Forecasting," Handbook of Economic Forecasting, in: G. Elliott & C. Granger & A. Timmermann (ed.), Handbook of Economic Forecasting, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 15, pages 777-878, Elsevier.
    16. Asger Lunde & Peter R. Hansen, 2005. "A forecast comparison of volatility models: does anything beat a GARCH(1,1)?," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(7), pages 873-889.
    17. repec:qut:auncer:2013_03 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. V. Chavez-Demoulin & A. C. Davison & A. J. McNeil, 2005. "Estimating value-at-risk: a point process approach," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(2), pages 227-234.
    19. Alexander M. Petersen & Fengzhong Wang & Shlomo Havlin & H. Eugene Stanley, 2010. "Market dynamics immediately before and after financial shocks: quantifying the Omori, productivity and Bath laws," Papers 1006.1882, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2010.
    20. Diebold, Francis X & Mariano, Roberto S, 2002. "Comparing Predictive Accuracy," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(1), pages 134-144, January.
    21. Giacomo Bormetti & Lucio Maria Calcagnile & Michele Treccani & Fulvio Corsi & Stefano Marmi & Fabrizio Lillo, 2013. "Modelling systemic price cojumps with Hawkes factor models," Papers 1301.6141, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2013.
    22. Mohler, G. O. & Short, M. B. & Brantingham, P. J. & Schoenberg, F. P. & Tita, G. E., 2011. "Self-Exciting Point Process Modeling of Crime," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 106(493), pages 100-108.
    23. Chavez-Demoulin, V. & McGill, J.A., 2012. "High-frequency financial data modeling using Hawkes processes," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3415-3426.
    24. Stephen Hardiman & Nicolas Bercot & Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, 2013. "Critical reflexivity in financial markets: a Hawkes process analysis," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 86(10), pages 1-9, October.
    25. Grothe, Oliver & Korniichuk, Volodymyr & Manner, Hans, 2014. "Modeling multivariate extreme events using self-exciting point processes," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 182(2), pages 269-289.
    26. R. Cont, 2001. "Empirical properties of asset returns: stylized facts and statistical issues," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(2), pages 223-236.
    27. Bertrand Candelon & Elena-Ivona Dumitrescu & Christophe Hurlin, 2012. "How to evaluate an Early Warning System ?," Working Papers halshs-00450050, HAL.
    28. Veen, Alejandro & Schoenberg, Frederic P., 2008. "Estimation of SpaceTime Branching Process Models in Seismology Using an EMType Algorithm," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 103, pages 614-624, June.
    29. Adam Clements & Yin Liao, 2013. "The dynamics of co-jumps, volatility and correlation," NCER Working Paper Series 91, National Centre for Econometric Research.
    30. Hua, Jian & Manzan, Sebastiano, 2013. "Forecasting the return distribution using high-frequency volatility measures," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(11), pages 4381-4403.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Molina-Muñoz, Jesús & Mora-Valencia, Andrés & Perote, Javier, 2020. "Market-crash forecasting based on the dynamics of the alpha-stable distribution," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 557(C).
    2. Connor Oxenhorn, 2022. "A Multivariate Hawkes Process Model for Stablecoin-Cryptocurrency Depegging Event Dynamics," Papers 2205.06338, arXiv.org.
    3. Pushpa Dissanayake & Teresa Flock & Johanna Meier & Philipp Sibbertsen, 2021. "Modelling Short- and Long-Term Dependencies of Clustered High-Threshold Exceedances in Significant Wave Heights," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(21), pages 1-33, November.
    4. Lleo, Sebastien & Ziemba, William, 2017. "A tale of two indexes: predicting equity market downturns in China," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 85131, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    5. Francine Gresnigt & Erik Kole & Philip Hans Franses, 2017. "Specification Testing in Hawkes Models," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 15(1), pages 139-171.
    6. Li, Wei-Zhen & Zhai, Jin-Rui & Jiang, Zhi-Qiang & Wang, Gang-Jin & Zhou, Wei-Xing, 2022. "Predicting tail events in a RIA-EVT-Copula framework," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 600(C).
    7. Jagielski, Maciej & Kutner, Ryszard & Sornette, Didier, 2017. "Theory of earthquakes interevent times applied to financial markets," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 483(C), pages 68-73.
    8. Petropoulos, Fotios & Apiletti, Daniele & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios & Babai, Mohamed Zied & Barrow, Devon K. & Ben Taieb, Souhaib & Bergmeir, Christoph & Bessa, Ricardo J. & Bijak, Jakub & Boylan, Joh, 2022. "Forecasting: theory and practice," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 705-871.
      • Fotios Petropoulos & Daniele Apiletti & Vassilios Assimakopoulos & Mohamed Zied Babai & Devon K. Barrow & Souhaib Ben Taieb & Christoph Bergmeir & Ricardo J. Bessa & Jakub Bijak & John E. Boylan & Jet, 2020. "Forecasting: theory and practice," Papers 2012.03854, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2022.
    9. Lleo, Sebastien & Zhitlukhin, Mikhail & Ziemba, William, 2021. "Using a mean changing stochastic processes exit-entry model for stock market long-short prediction," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 118875, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    10. Francine Gresnigt & Erik Kole & Philip Hans Franses, 2017. "Exploiting Spillovers to Forecast Crashes," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(8), pages 936-955, December.
    11. Cees Diks & Cars Hommes & Juanxi Wang, 2019. "Critical slowing down as an early warning signal for financial crises?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 1201-1228, October.
    12. Hossein Dastkhan, 2021. "Network‐based early warning system to predict financial crisis," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 594-616, January.
    13. Tomlinson, Matthew F. & Greenwood, David & Mucha-Kruczyński, Marcin, 2024. "2T-POT Hawkes model for left- and right-tail conditional quantile forecasts of financial log returns: Out-of-sample comparison of conditional EVT models," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 324-347.
    14. Makridakis, Spyros & Hyndman, Rob J. & Petropoulos, Fotios, 2020. "Forecasting in social settings: The state of the art," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 15-28.
    15. Rodrigo Herrera & Adam Clements, 2020. "A marked point process model for intraday financial returns: modeling extreme risk," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 58(4), pages 1575-1601, April.
    16. Zhi-Qiang Jiang & Gang-Jin Wang & Askery Canabarro & Boris Podobnik & Chi Xie & H. Eugene Stanley & Wei-Xing Zhou, 2018. "Short term prediction of extreme returns based on the recurrence interval analysis," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(3), pages 353-370, March.
    17. Pagnottoni, Paolo & Spelta, Alessandro & Flori, Andrea & Pammolli, Fabio, 2022. "Climate change and financial stability: Natural disaster impacts on global stock markets," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 599(C).
    18. Maciej Jagielski & Ryszard Kutner & Didier Sornette, 2016. "Theory of earthquakes interevent times applied to financial markets," Papers 1610.08921, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2016.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Emmanuel Bacry & Iacopo Mastromatteo & Jean-Franc{c}ois Muzy, 2015. "Hawkes processes in finance," Papers 1502.04592, arXiv.org, revised May 2015.
    2. Francine Gresnigt & Erik Kole & Philip Hans Franses, 2017. "Exploiting Spillovers to Forecast Crashes," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(8), pages 936-955, December.
    3. Fuentes, Fernanda & Herrera, Rodrigo & Clements, Adam, 2018. "Modeling extreme risks in commodities and commodity currencies," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 108-120.
    4. Francine Gresnigt & Erik Kole & Philip Hans Franses, 2017. "Specification Testing in Hawkes Models," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 15(1), pages 139-171.
    5. Wheatley, Spencer & Filimonov, Vladimir & Sornette, Didier, 2016. "The Hawkes process with renewal immigration & its estimation with an EM algorithm," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 120-135.
    6. Marcello Rambaldi & Emmanuel Bacry & Fabrizio Lillo, 2016. "The role of volume in order book dynamics: a multivariate Hawkes process analysis," Papers 1602.07663, arXiv.org.
    7. Steffen Volkenand & Günther Filler & Martin Odening, 2020. "Price Discovery and Market Reflexivity in Agricultural Futures Contracts with Different Maturities," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-17, July.
    8. Thibault Jaisson & Mathieu Rosenbaum, 2015. "Rough fractional diffusions as scaling limits of nearly unstable heavy tailed Hawkes processes," Papers 1504.03100, arXiv.org.
    9. Roger Martins & Dieter Hendricks, 2016. "The statistical significance of multivariate Hawkes processes fitted to limit order book data," Papers 1604.01824, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2016.
    10. Hai-Chuan Xu & Wei-Xing Zhou, 2020. "Modeling aggressive market order placements with Hawkes factor models," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, January.
    11. Tomlinson, Matthew F. & Greenwood, David & Mucha-Kruczyński, Marcin, 2024. "2T-POT Hawkes model for left- and right-tail conditional quantile forecasts of financial log returns: Out-of-sample comparison of conditional EVT models," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 324-347.
    12. Schatz, Michael & Wheatley, Spencer & Sornette, Didier, 2022. "The ARMA Point Process and its Estimation," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 164-182.
    13. Baichuan Yuan & Frederic P. Schoenberg & Andrea L. Bertozzi, 2021. "Fast estimation of multivariate spatiotemporal Hawkes processes and network reconstruction," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 73(6), pages 1127-1152, December.
    14. Rachele Foschi & Francesca Lilla & Cecilia Mancini, 2020. "Warnings about future jumps: properties of the exponential Hawkes model," Working Papers 13/2020, University of Verona, Department of Economics.
    15. Anatoliy Swishchuk & Aiden Huffman, 2020. "General Compound Hawkes Processes in Limit Order Books," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-25, March.
    16. Thibault Jaisson, 2014. "Market impact as anticipation of the order flow imbalance," Papers 1402.1288, arXiv.org.
    17. Degiannakis, Stavros & Filis, George, 2018. "Forecasting oil prices: High-frequency financial data are indeed useful," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 388-402.
    18. Degiannakis, Stavros & Filis, George, 2017. "Forecasting oil price realized volatility using information channels from other asset classes," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 28-49.
    19. Chenlong Li & Zhanjie Song & Wenjun Wang, 2020. "Space–time inhomogeneous background intensity estimators for semi-parametric space–time self-exciting point process models," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 72(4), pages 945-967, August.
    20. Lucio Maria Calcagnile & Giacomo Bormetti & Michele Treccani & Stefano Marmi & Fabrizio Lillo, 2015. "Collective synchronization and high frequency systemic instabilities in financial markets," Papers 1505.00704, arXiv.org.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial crashes; Hawkes process; self-exciting process; Early Warning System;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General
    • C15 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods
    • G17 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Financial Forecasting and Simulation

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:tin:wpaper:20140067. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Tinbergen Office +31 (0)10-4088900 (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/tinbenl.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.