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Short-Time Work and Unionization

Author

Listed:
  • Biancardi, Daniele

    (European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC))

  • Lucifora, Claudio

    (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore)

  • Origo, Federica

    (University of Bergamo)

Abstract

Short-time work (STW) has been widely used, both during the Great Recession and the COVID crisis, to preserve jobs. In most European countries, the implementation of STW schemes is often the result of bargaining between trade unions and employers, yet very little is known about the role of unions. In this paper, we investigate the effects of STW schemes on a number of firms' economic outcomes, considering the role of unions and collective bargaining. We use firm-level panel data, for the metal--engineering industry (from 2009 to 2015), with information on firms characteristics, STW use, industrial relations attributes, merged with accounting data. We estimate the elasticity of employment, working hours, wages and labour productivity to STW hours using an IV-FE estimator. We find that STW is an effective policy to preserve jobs in all firms. The positive effect on employment is supported by quite different mechanisms, which depend on unions presence and power in the firm. In low unionized firms wage cuts are the prevailing adjustment mechanisms, while in highly unionized firms, per-capita wages are insensitive to STW and adjustment mainly occurs through a reduction in working hours. These results are coherent with the use of STW as a work sharing device to protect incumbent workers who are mainly union members.

Suggested Citation

  • Biancardi, Daniele & Lucifora, Claudio & Origo, Federica, 2025. "Short-Time Work and Unionization," IZA Discussion Papers 17657, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17657
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Lucifora, Claudio & Origo, Federica, 2025. "Rigid Yet Resilient: Firms' Margins of Adjustment to Demand Shocks in Regulated Labour Markets," IZA Discussion Papers 17670, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Natalia Bermudez & Muriel Dejemeppe & Giulia Tarullo, 2023. "Theory and Empirics of Short-Time Work: A Review," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 2023018, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
    3. Garcia-Clemente, J. & Rubino, N. & Congregado, E., 2023. "Reemployment premium effect of furlough programs: evaluating Spain's scheme during the COVID-19 crisis," Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 57, pages 1-17.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    short-time work; employment; wages; labour productivity; unions;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J08 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - Labor Economics Policies
    • J38 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Public Policy
    • J58 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - - - Public Policy

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