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Gender Gaps in Time Use: Pan-European Evidence from School Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Elsner, Benjamin

    (University College Dublin)

  • Jindal, Manvi

    (University College Dublin)

  • Mascherini, Massimiliano

    (Eurofound - European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions)

  • Nivakoski, Sanna

    (Eurofound - European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions)

Abstract

We study the impact of school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic on the time allocated to paid and unpaid work within households. We use panel data from 27 EU countries and isolate the impact of school closures by comparing parents and non-parents. We find no evidence that school closures had a disproportionate impact on women or men. Women and men reduced the time spent on paid work and increased the amount of time spent on household chores and leisure in roughly equal amounts. These findings do not confirm the common concern that school closures increased the care burden for women.

Suggested Citation

  • Elsner, Benjamin & Jindal, Manvi & Mascherini, Massimiliano & Nivakoski, Sanna, 2024. "Gender Gaps in Time Use: Pan-European Evidence from School Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IZA Discussion Papers 17151, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17151
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; gender gaps; household production; paid work; time-use;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D13 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Production and Intrahouse Allocation
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General

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