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La négociation des Plans de Sauvegarde de l'Emploi, quels arbitrages ?

Author

Listed:
  • Vincent Pasquier

    (HEC Montréal - HEC Montréal)

  • Rémi Bourguignon

    (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel)

  • Géraldine Schmidt

    (IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School)

Abstract

Le Plan de Sauvegarde de l'Emploi (PSE) est la procédure juridique que doivent suivre les entreprises françaises pour procéder à des licenciements collectifs pour motif économique. Ces procédures sont souvent critiquées, notamment du côté syndical, pour leur faible capacité à sauver effectivement des emplois. Ces critiques ont contribué à des changements fréquents du cadre légal, dont la Loi de Sécurisation de l'Emploi (LSE) en 2013. La LSE a conduit à laisser plus de place au contrat qu'à la loi, tout en maintenant un rôle actif de l'État comme gardien des règles du jeu et des procédures. Dans cette étude, nous nous intéressons aux conditions qu'il faut réussir pour aboutir à un « bon » PSE, dans le cadre légal instauré à partir de 2013. Nous avons retenu trois critères pour juger de la qualité d'un PSE : le volume d'emplois sauvegardés ; la qualité des mesures d'accompagnement pour les salariés dont le licenciement ne peut être évité et le montant des indemnités supra-légales. La littérature existante avait déjà permis d'identifier un certain nombre de conditions expliquant la réussite d'un PSE, dont le degré de financiarisation de l'entreprise, les caractéristiques de la main d'œuvre, les stratégies d'acteurs, etc. L'objectif de cette étude est précisément de comprendre comment ces différentes conditions se combinent pour tracer la voie à des PSE de qualité. Nos travaux permettent de mettre en évidence six chemins-types (ou combinaisons de conditions) qui peuvent mener à de bons PSE. Ils mettent ainsi en lumière l'importance cruciale des capabilités syndicales pour aboutir à un « bon » PSE. Ils interrogent également sur la nécessité de recourir à des stratégies conflictuelles pour obtenir un plan de qualité.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincent Pasquier & Rémi Bourguignon & Géraldine Schmidt, 2020. "La négociation des Plans de Sauvegarde de l'Emploi, quels arbitrages ?," Working Papers hal-03045537, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03045537
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-03045537v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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