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Le chômage partiel en Allemagne : le « remède miracle » dans la crise ?

Author

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  • Thomas Koch

    (CRINI - Centre de recherche sur les identités, les nations et l'interculturalité - UFR FLCE - Université de Nantes - UFR Faculté des Langues et Cultures Etrangères - UN - Université de Nantes)

  • Joël Massol

    (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - IEMN-IAE Nantes - Institut d'Économie et de Management de Nantes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - UN - Université de Nantes)

Abstract

La crise économique et financière internationale de 2008-2009 a plongé l'Allemagne dans la plus violente récession qu'elle ait connue depuis la crise des années 1930 : durant les trois premiers mois de 2008 le PIB allemand a baissé de 6,6%. Pourtant le nombre des actifs est resté presque stable et le taux d'emploi n'a pas connu de baisse importante ; il atteint même dès la fin de la crise en 2011, un niveau inédit dans l'histoire de la République fédérale. Parmi les mesures de politique économique et sociale prises en Allemagne pour faire face à cette crise, le recours au chômage partiel occupe une place centrale, et sans pareille en Europe si bien qu'il est rapidement considéré comme un "remède miracle" permettant de concilier le maintien de l'emploi et la compétitivité des entreprises. Mais à plus long terme, le chômage partiel n'est-il pas, comme l'ont montré les expériences passées, une manière de "partager le chômage", voire un facteur de précarisation de l'emploi dans les entreprises ? Cet article tente d'évaluer l'impact du dispositif du chômage partiel en le replaçant dans son contexte socio-économique, mais aussi dans le cadre plus général de la mutation du travail en Allemagne. Pour ce faire, il présente tout d'abord les caractéristiques principales du dispositif du chômage partiel en Allemagne, notamment en le comparant avec le dispositif français. Il rappelle ensuite les modalités de mise en œuvre qui concourent à sa réussite en Allemagne et suggère enfin quelques enseignements à tirer de cette expérience allemande.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Koch & Joël Massol, 2014. "Le chômage partiel en Allemagne : le « remède miracle » dans la crise ?," Working Papers hal-01077119, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01077119
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01077119
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    References listed on IDEAS

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