IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/hal/wpaper/hal-01077119.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Le chômage partiel en Allemagne : le « remède miracle » dans la crise ?

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas Koch

    (CRINI - Centre de recherche sur les identités, les nations et l'interculturalité - UFR FLCE - Université de Nantes - UFR Faculté des Langues et Cultures Etrangères - UN - Université de Nantes)

  • Joël Massol

    (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - IEMN-IAE Nantes - Institut d'Économie et de Management de Nantes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - UN - Université de Nantes)

Abstract

La crise économique et financière internationale de 2008-2009 a plongé l'Allemagne dans la plus violente récession qu'elle ait connue depuis la crise des années 1930 : durant les trois premiers mois de 2008 le PIB allemand a baissé de 6,6%. Pourtant le nombre des actifs est resté presque stable et le taux d'emploi n'a pas connu de baisse importante ; il atteint même dès la fin de la crise en 2011, un niveau inédit dans l'histoire de la République fédérale. Parmi les mesures de politique économique et sociale prises en Allemagne pour faire face à cette crise, le recours au chômage partiel occupe une place centrale, et sans pareille en Europe si bien qu'il est rapidement considéré comme un "remède miracle" permettant de concilier le maintien de l'emploi et la compétitivité des entreprises. Mais à plus long terme, le chômage partiel n'est-il pas, comme l'ont montré les expériences passées, une manière de "partager le chômage", voire un facteur de précarisation de l'emploi dans les entreprises ? Cet article tente d'évaluer l'impact du dispositif du chômage partiel en le replaçant dans son contexte socio-économique, mais aussi dans le cadre plus général de la mutation du travail en Allemagne. Pour ce faire, il présente tout d'abord les caractéristiques principales du dispositif du chômage partiel en Allemagne, notamment en le comparant avec le dispositif français. Il rappelle ensuite les modalités de mise en œuvre qui concourent à sa réussite en Allemagne et suggère enfin quelques enseignements à tirer de cette expérience allemande.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Koch & Joël Massol, 2014. "Le chômage partiel en Allemagne : le « remède miracle » dans la crise ?," Working Papers hal-01077119, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01077119
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01077119
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://hal.science/hal-01077119/document
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mandl, Irene & Mascherini, Massimiliano, 2011. "Potenziale der Kurzarbeit," WSI-Mitteilungen, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, vol. 64(7), pages 363-368.
    2. Balleer, Almut & Gehrke, Britta & Lechthaler, Wolfgang & Merkl, Christian, 2016. "Does short-time work save jobs? A business cycle analysis," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 99-122.
    3. Karl BRENKE & Ulf RINNE & Klaus F. ZIMMERMANN, 2013. "Short-time work: The German answer to the Great Recession," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 152(2), pages 287-305, June.
    4. Schneider, Hilmar, 2012. "Wie nachhaltig ist das deutsche Jobwunder? Eine Reformbilanz," IZA Standpunkte 51, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Giesecke, Johannes & Wotschack, Philip, 2009. "Flexibilisierung in Zeiten der Krise: Verlierer sind junge und gering qualifizierte Beschäftigte," WZBrief Arbeit 01, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    6. Alexander Hijzen & Sebastien Martin, 2013. "The role of short-time work schemes during the global financial crisis1 and early recovery: a cross-country analysis," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 2(1), pages 1-31, December.
    7. Michael C. Burda & Jennifer Hunt, 2011. "What Explains the German Labor Market Miracle in the Great Recession," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 42(1 (Spring), pages 273-335.
    8. Eichhorst, Werner & Marx, Paul & Thode, Eric, 2010. "Atypische Beschäftigung und Niedriglohnarbeit," IZA Research Reports 25, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Karl Brenke & Markus M. Grabka, 2011. "Schwache Lohnentwicklung im letzten Jahrzehnt," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 78(45), pages 3-15.
    10. Julia Bock-Schappelwein & Helmut Mahringer & Eva Rückert, 2011. "Kurzarbeit in Deutschland und Österreich," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 41278.
    11. repec:hum:wpaper:sfb649dp2011-031 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Oana Calavrezo & Richard Duhautois & Emmanuelle Walkowiak, 2007. "Le recours au chômage partiel entre 1995 et 2005," Post-Print halshs-00273482, HAL.
    13. Karl Brenke & Ulf Rinne & Klaus F. Zimmermann, 2010. "Kurzarbeit: nützlich in der Krise, aber nun den Ausstieg einleiten," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 77(16), pages 2-13.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Reamonn Lydon & Thomas Y. Mathä & Stephen Millard, 2019. "Short-time work in the Great Recession: firm-level evidence from 20 EU countries," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 8(1), pages 1-29, December.
    2. Julio G. Fournier Gabela & Luis Sarmiento, 2020. "Kurzarbeit and Natural Disasters: How Effective Are Short-Time Working Allowances in Avoiding Unemployment?," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1909, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    3. Dennis Tamesberger & Simon Theurl, 2021. "Design and Take-Up of Austria's Coronavirus Short-Time Work Model," ICAE Working Papers 127, Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy.
    4. Holtemöller, Oliver & Brautzsch, Hans-Ulrich & Drechsel, Katja & Drygalla, Andrej & Giesen, Sebastian & Hennecke, Peter & Kiesel, Konstantin & Loose, Brigitte & Meier, Carsten-Patrick & Zeddies, Götz, 2015. "Ökonomische Wirksamkeit der Konjunktur stützenden finanzpolitischen Maßnahmen der Jahre 2008 und 2009. Forschungsvorhaben im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums der Finanzen," IWH Online 4/2015, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    5. Britta Gehrke & Brigitte Hochmuth, 2021. "Counteracting Unemployment in Crises: Non‐Linear Effects of Short‐Time Work Policy," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 123(1), pages 144-183, January.
    6. Becker, Sebastian, 2016. "Selection into Short-Time Work and Labor Market Outcomes after the Great Recession - Empirical Evidence using German Micro-Level Data," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change 145889, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    7. Magnus Reif, 2020. "Macroeconomics, Nonlinearities, and the Business Cycle," ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 87, May.
    8. Magnus Reif, 2022. "Time‐Varying Dynamics of the German Business Cycle: A Comprehensive Investigation," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 84(1), pages 80-102, February.
    9. Wix, Carlo, 2017. "The long-run real effects of banking crises: Firm-level investment dynamics and the role of wage rigidity," SAFE Working Paper Series 189, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    10. José M. Arranz & Carlos García†Serrano & Virginia Hernanz, 2018. "Short†Time Work and Employment Stability: Evidence from a Policy Change," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 56(1), pages 189-222, March.
    11. Oana CALAVREZO & Lewis HOUNKPEVI & Florence JOURNEAU & Marie-Hélène NGUYEN, 2020. "L’utilisation de l’activité partielle durant la crise de la Covid-19 : une analyse empirique entre mars et mai 2020," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 2804, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
    12. Dimitris Pavlopoulos & Katja Chkalova, 2022. "Short-time work: A bridge to employment security or a springboard to unemployment?," Economic and Industrial Democracy, Department of Economic History, Uppsala University, Sweden, vol. 43(1), pages 168-197, February.
    13. James Bishop & Iris Day, 2020. "How Many Jobs Did JobKeeper Keep?," RBA Research Discussion Papers rdp2020-07, Reserve Bank of Australia.
    14. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/2ju03cb3kc9a3986bsibii70hd is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Maarten Dossche & Andrea Gavazzi & Vivien Lewis, 2023. "Labor Adjustment and Productivity in the OECD," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 47, pages 111-130, January.
    16. Cahuc, Pierre & Nevoux, Sandra, 2017. "Inefficient Short-Time Work," IZA Discussion Papers 11010, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    17. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/68ufmnnh3j9vmblf03huqt18qe is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Andrey Launov, 2021. "Working Time Accounts and Turnover," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 123(3), pages 1025-1056, July.
    19. Paula Garda & Volker Ziemann, 2014. "Economic Policies and Microeconomic Stability: A Literature Review and Some Empirics," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1115, OECD Publishing.
    20. Brey, Björn & Hertweck, Matthias S., 2020. "The Extension Of Short-Time Work Schemes During The Great Recession: A Story Of Success?," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 24(2), pages 360-402, March.
    21. Murmann, Martin, 2017. "The Growth and Human Capital Structure of New Firms over the Business Cycle," VfS Annual Conference 2017 (Vienna): Alternative Structures for Money and Banking 168290, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    22. Brixy, Udo & Murmann, Martin, 2016. "The growth and human capital structure of new firms over the business cycle," IAB-Discussion Paper 201642, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01077119. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: CCSD (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.