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Techies, Trade, and Skill-Biased Productivity

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  • Toubal, Farid
  • Harrigan, James
  • Reshef, Ariell

Abstract

We study the impact of firm-level choices on ICT, R&D, exporting and importing on the evolution of productivity, its bias towards skilled workers, and implications for labor demand. We use a novel measure of firm-level R&D and ICT adoption: employment of “techies†who perform these tasks. We develop methodology for estimating nested-CES production functions and for measuring both Hicks-neutral and skill-augmenting technology differences at the firm level. Using administrative data on French firms we find that techies, exporting and importing raise skill-biased productivity. In contrast, only ICT techies raise Hicks-neutral productivity. On average, higher firm-level skill biased productivity hardly affects low-skill employment, even as it raises relative demand for skill, due to the cost-reducing effect. ICT accounts for large increases in aggregate demand for skill, mostly due to the effect on firm size, less so through within-firm changes. Exporting, importing, and R&D have smaller aggregate effects.

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  • Toubal, Farid & Harrigan, James & Reshef, Ariell, 2021. "Techies, Trade, and Skill-Biased Productivity," CEPR Discussion Papers 15815, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15815
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    3. Barrows, Geoffrey & Calel, Raphael & Jégard, Martin & Ollivier, Hélène, 2023. "Estimating the effects of regulation when treated and control firms compete: a new method with application to the EU ETS," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 119261, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    4. Downey, Mitch, 2021. "Partial automation and the technology-enabled deskilling of routine jobs," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    5. Elodie Andrieu & Malgorzata Kuczera, 2023. "Minimum Wage and Skills -Evidence from Job Vacancy Data," Working Papers 034, The Productivity Institute.
    6. Domini, Giacomo & Grazzi, Marco & Moschella, Daniele & Treibich, Tania, 2021. "Threats and opportunities in the digital era: Automation spikes and employment dynamics," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(7).
    7. Jocelyn Maillard, 2021. "Automation, Offshoring and Employment Distribution in Western Europe," Working Papers halshs-03219118, HAL.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Productivity; Skill bias; Skill augmenting; Labor demand; Outsourcing; Globalization; R&d; Ict; Techies; Stem skills;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D2 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations
    • D24 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity
    • F1 - International Economics - - Trade
    • F16 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
    • F6 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization
    • F66 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Labor
    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe

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