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Évolution de la distribution de la productivité des entreprises québécoises entre 2005 et 2019

Author

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  • Benoit Dostie
  • Genevieve Dufour

Abstract

To what extent is the increase in inequality in business productivity reflected in wage inequality? The answer essentially depends on the degree to which productivity differentials are transmitted into wage differentials. In this study, the authors examine this issue using data from the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD) for the period 2001–2019 and identify a set of stylized facts. From 2001 to 2019, there has been an unequivocal increase in productivity inequalities between firms in Quebec, a result that is consistent with we observe in a number of other countries. This upward trend is greater in Quebec than in Ontario. It is interesting to compare this rise in productivity inequality with the decrease in income inequality. One possible explanation is that the transmission of productivity differences to income differences also decreased over the period. A number of possibilities could explain this decrease, and one of them would be a decrease in labour mobility. The authors examine this issue by decomposing productivity growth for the particular case of the manufacturing sector. They show that productivity growth in this sector is primarily driven by within-firm productivity growth. Labour reallocation and net input do not contribute much to productivity growth. Dans quelle mesure l’augmentation des inégalités dans la productivité des entreprises se reflète-t-elle dans les inégalités de salaires ? La réponse dépend essentiellement du degré de transmission des différentiels de productivité en différentiels salariaux. Dans cette étude, les auteurs examinent cette question à partir des données de la Base de données canadienne sur la dynamique employeurs-employés (BDCEE) pour la période 2001-2019 et dégagent un ensemble de faits stylisés. De 2001 à 2019, on observe une hausse sans équivoque des inégalités de productivité entre les entreprises au Québec, un résultat conforme à ce qu'on observe dans plusieurs autres pays. Cette tendance à la hausse est plus importante au Québec qu'en Ontario. Il est intéressant de contraster cette hausse des inégalités de productivité à la baisse des inégalités de revenus. Une explication possible est que la transmission des différences de productivité en différences de revenus ait aussi diminué au cours de la période. Plusieurs possibilités pourraient expliquer cette diminution et l’une d’elles serait une diminution de la mobilité de la main-d’œuvre. Les auteurs examinent cette question en effectuant des décompositions de la croissance de la productivité pour le cas particulier du secteur manufacturier. Ils montrent que la croissance de la productivité dans ce secteur provient très majoritairement de la croissance de la productivité à l’intérieur de l’entreprise. La réallocation de main-d’œuvre et l’effet net d’entrée contribuent assez peu à la croissance de la productivité.

Suggested Citation

  • Benoit Dostie & Genevieve Dufour, 2024. "Évolution de la distribution de la productivité des entreprises québécoises entre 2005 et 2019," CIRANO Project Reports 2024rp-19, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2024rp-19
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2024RP-19.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    Productivity; Inequality; Companies; Labour market; Productivité; Inégalités; Entreprises; Marché du travail;
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