IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cir/cirpro/2022rp-12.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

La mobilité sociale au Québec selon différents parcours universitaires

Author

Listed:
  • Marie Connolly
  • Catherine Haeck
  • Lucie Raymond-Brousseau

Abstract

The main objective of this report is to present a descriptive analysis of the social mobility of bachelor's degree graduates from different Quebec universities according to field of study, a mobility captured here by the intergenerational transmission of income. Using administrative data on all Quebec students, it's possible to observe graduation rates as well as the earnings of graduates once they enter the labour market, all by parental income quintile. In terms of undergraduate attendance in Quebec, we observe an over-representation of students from more affluent backgrounds. Our results also suggest that undergraduate graduation rates are lower for students from low-income families and increase with parental income quintile. Our analysis of intergenerational mobility, using a transition matrix, suggests that recent university graduates have fairly good mobility relative to the population comprising all levels of education, and that students from less advantaged backgrounds have significantly higher mobility than their reference population. We also calculate, by university and field of study, a measure of intergenerational mobility that takes into account access to university education and upward mobility (moving from the bottom income quintile to the top quintile). We find that upward mobility varies across universities, but also by field of study, with institutions specializing in engineering and programs in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics showing the highest upward mobilities. An important limitation of our data is that the time horizon following graduation is limited, so the observed employment earnings are not necessarily representative of graduates' permanent earnings. L’objectif principal de ce rapport est de présenter une analyse descriptive de la mobilité sociale des diplômés du baccalauréat des différentes universités du Québec selon le domaine d’études, mobilité étant ici captée par la transmission intergénérationnelle du revenu. À partir de données administratives sur l’ensemble des étudiants du Québec, il est possible d’observer les taux de diplomation ainsi que les revenus des diplômés une fois sur le marché du travail, le tout par quintile de revenu parental. Au niveau de la fréquentation universitaire de premier cycle au Québec, nous observons une surreprésentation des étudiants provenant de milieux plus aisés. Nos résultats suggèrent également que le taux de diplomation des étudiants au baccalauréat est plus faible pour les étudiants provenant de familles à faible revenu et augmente avec le quintile de revenu parental. Notre analyse de la mobilité intergénérationnelle, à l’aide d’une matrice de transition, suggère que les jeunes diplômés universitaires ont une assez bonne mobilité relativement à la population comprenant tous les niveaux de scolarité, et que les étudiants provenant de milieux moins favorisés ont une mobilité nettement supérieure à leur population de référence. Nous calculons aussi, par université et domaine d’études, une mesure de mobilité intergénérationnelle qui tient compte de l’accès aux études universitaires et de la mobilité ascendante (passer du quintile inférieur de revenu au quintile supérieur). On constate que la mobilité ascendante varie d’une université à l’autre, mais également par domaine d’études, les institutions spécialisées en ingénierie et les programmes en science, technologie, ingénierie et mathématiques démontrant les mobilités ascendantes les plus élevées. Une limite importante de nos données est que l’horizon de temps suivant l’obtention du diplôme est limité, de telle sorte que les revenus d’emploi observés ne sont pas nécessairement représentatifs du revenu permanent des diplômés.

Suggested Citation

  • Marie Connolly & Catherine Haeck & Lucie Raymond-Brousseau, 2022. "La mobilité sociale au Québec selon différents parcours universitaires," CIRANO Project Reports 2022rp-12, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2022rp-12
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2022RP-12.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Thomas Lemieux, 2008. "The changing nature of wage inequality," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 21(1), pages 21-48, January.
    2. Black, Sandra E. & Devereux, Paul J., 2011. "Recent Developments in Intergenerational Mobility," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 16, pages 1487-1541, Elsevier.
    3. Corak,Miles (ed.), 2004. "Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521827607, October.
    4. Raj Chetty & John N. Friedman & Emmanuel Saez & Nicholas Turner & Danny Yagan, 2017. "Mobility Report Cards: The Role of Colleges in Intergenerational Mobility," NBER Working Papers 23618, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Marie Connolly & Miles Corak & Catherine Haeck, 2019. "Intergenerational Mobility Between and Within Canada and the United States," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 37(S2), pages 595-641.
    6. Miles Corak, 2013. "Income Inequality, Equality of Opportunity, and Intergenerational Mobility," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 27(3), pages 79-102, Summer.
    7. Zhao, John & Lipps, Garth & Corak, Miles, 2003. "Family Income and Participation in Post-secondary Education," Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series 2003210e, Statistics Canada, Analytical Studies Branch.
    8. Miles Corak & Andrew Heisz, 1999. "The Intergenerational Earnings and Income Mobility of Canadian Men: Evidence from Longitudinal Income Tax Data," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 34(3), pages 504-533.
    9. Marie Connolly & Catherine Haeck & Jean-William P. Laliberté, 2021. "Parental Education and the Rising Transmission of Income between Generations," NBER Chapters, in: Measuring Distribution and Mobility of Income and Wealth, pages 289-315, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), 1999. "Handbook of Labor Economics," Handbook of Labor Economics, Elsevier, edition 1, volume 3, number 3.
    11. Finnie, Ross & E. Mueller, Richard, 2017. "Access to post-secondary education: How does Québec compare to the rest of Canada?," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 93(3), pages 441-474, Septembre.
    12. Raj Chetty & John N Friedman & Emmanuel Saez & Nicholas Turner & Danny Yagan, 2020. "Income Segregation and Intergenerational Mobility Across Colleges in the United States," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 135(3), pages 1567-1633.
    13. Pier-André Bouchard St-Amant & Jean-Denis Garon & Nicolas Marceau, 2020. "Uncovering Gatsby Curves," CESifo Working Paper Series 8049, CESifo.
    14. Bhashkar Mazumder, 2012. "Is intergenerational economic mobility lower now than in the past?," Chicago Fed Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue Apr.
    15. Card, David, 1999. "The causal effect of education on earnings," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 30, pages 1801-1863, Elsevier.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gary S. Becker & Scott Duke Kominers & Kevin M. Murphy & Jörg L. Spenkuch, 2018. "A Theory of Intergenerational Mobility," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 126(S1), pages 7-25.
    2. French, Eric Baird & O’Dea, Cormac & MacCuish, Jamie, 2021. "The Intergenerational Elasticity of Earnings: Exploring the Mechanisms," CEPR Discussion Papers 15975, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. & Dahmann, Sarah C. & Salamanca, Nicolás & Zhu, Anna, 2022. "Intergenerational disadvantage: Learning about equal opportunity from social assistance receipt," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    4. Bautista, M. A. & González, F. & Martínez, L. R. & Muñoz, P. & Prem, M., 2020. "Chile’s Missing Students: Dictatorship, Higher Education and Social Mobility," Documentos de Trabajo 18163, Universidad del Rosario.
    5. Piraino, Patrizio, 2015. "Intergenerational Earnings Mobility and Equality of Opportunity in South Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 396-405.
    6. Daniel D. Schnitzlein, 2016. "A New Look at Intergenerational Mobility in Germany Compared to the U.S," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 62(4), pages 650-667, December.
    7. Ben-Halima, B. & Chusseau, N. & Hellier, J., 2014. "Skill premia and intergenerational education mobility: The French case," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 50-64.
    8. Orhan Torul & Oguz Oztunali, 2017. "Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Europe," Working Papers 2017/03, Bogazici University, Department of Economics.
    9. B. Ben Halima & N. Chusseau & J. Hellier, 2013. "Skill Premia and Intergenerational Skill Transmission: The French Case," Working Papers 285, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    10. Hofmarcher, Thomas, 2021. "The effect of education on poverty: A European perspective," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    11. Nam, Jaehyun, 2019. "Government spending during childhood and intergenerational income mobility in the United States," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 332-343.
    12. P. Jenkins, Stephen & Jäntti, Markus, 2013. "Income mobility," ISER Working Paper Series 2013-23, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    13. Robert Lucas & Sari Kerr, 2013. "Intergenerational income immobility in Finland: contrasting roles for parental earnings and family income," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 26(3), pages 1057-1094, July.
    14. Sander Wagner, 2017. "Children of the Reunification: Gendered Effects on Intergenerational Mobility in Germany," Working Papers 2017-03, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
    15. Emran, M. Shahe & Jiang, Hanchen & Shilpi, Forhad, 2021. "Is Gender Destiny? Gender Bias and Intergenerational Educational Mobility in India," MPRA Paper 106793, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Jens Ruhose, 2015. "Microeconometric Analyses on Economic Consequences of Selective Migration," ifo Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsforschung, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 61.
    17. Minghao Li & Stephan J. Goetz & Bruce Weber, 2018. "Human Capital and Intergenerational Mobility in U.S. Counties," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 32(1), pages 18-28, February.
    18. Miles Corak, 2020. "Intergenerational Mobility: What Do We Care About? What Should We Care About?," Australian Economic Review, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, vol. 53(2), pages 230-240, June.
    19. Mevlude Akbulut-Yuksel & Belgi Turan, 2013. "Left behind: intergenerational transmission of human capital in the midst of HIV/AIDS," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 26(4), pages 1523-1547, October.
    20. Charles M. Beach, 2016. "Changing income inequality: A distributional paradigm for Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 49(4), pages 1229-1292, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2022rp-12. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Webmaster (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ciranca.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.