IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/uerser/308595.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Agricultural Market Access Under Tariff-Rate Quotas

Author

Listed:
  • Beckman, Jayson
  • Gale, Fred
  • Lee, Tani

Abstract

Forty World Trade Organization (WTO) members have established 1,125 agricultural tariff-rate quotas (TRQs). TRQs are a two-tiered tariff scheme (a lower rate under a quota amount, and a higher rate once that is reached), developed during multilateral trade negotiations in the 1990s to facilitate market access for agricultural trade. This report provides data and analysis on the prevalence of these trade measures. TRQs are classified according to indicators of whether market access is constrained by administrative procedures or nontariff measures that prevent the quota from filling or by the quota itself. This analysis found that 13 percent of TRQs were “underutilized” when imports were less than 65 percent of the quota (a low “fill rate”), even though the cost of imports was less than the domestic price. Another 22 percent of TRQs were classified as “binding” when the fill rate was high and the import cost was less than the domestic commodity rice. Issues have been raised in the WTO regarding some of these TRQs, with the largest number of questions about transparency and administration of quotas.

Suggested Citation

  • Beckman, Jayson & Gale, Fred & Lee, Tani, 2021. "Agricultural Market Access Under Tariff-Rate Quotas," Agricultural Economic Reports 308595, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:uerser:308595
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.308595
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/308595/files/USDS%20Agricultural%20Market%20Access%20Under%20Tariff%20Rate%20Quotas.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.22004/ag.econ.308595?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Skully, David W., 2001. "Economics of Tariff-Rate Quota Administration," Technical Bulletins 184332, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    2. Gibson, Paul R. & Wainio, John & Whitley, Daniel B. & Bohman, Mary, 2001. "Profiles Of Tariffs In Global Agricultural Markets," Agricultural Economic Reports 34055, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    3. Skully, David W., 2001. "Economics Of Tariff-Rate Quota Administration," Technical Bulletins 33576, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    4. Philip C. Abbott, 2002. "Tariff-rate quotas: failed market access instruments?," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 29(1), pages 109-130, March.
    5. Jayson Beckman & Shawn Arita, 2017. "Modeling the Interplay between Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Tariff-rate Quotas under Partial Trade Liberalization," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 99(4), pages 1078-1095.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Beckman, Jayson & Ivanic, Maros & Shaik, Saleem, 2022. "How Bilateral Trade Deals Get in the Way of Multilateral Agreements," Conference papers 333437, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    2. Beckman, Jayson & Gale, Fred & Morgan, Stephen & Sabala, Ethan & Ufer, Danielle & Valcu-Lisman, Adriana & Zeng, Wendy & Arita, Shawn, 2022. "China's Import Potential for Beef, Corn, Pork, and Wheat," Amber Waves:The Economics of Food, Farming, Natural Resources, and Rural America, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, vol. 2020(Economic ), August.
    3. Gale, Fred, 2021. "Potential Wheat Demand in China: Applicants for Import Quota," Economic Research Report 327188, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    4. Beckman, Jayson & Ivanic, Maros & Shaik, Saleem, 2023. "How bilateral trade deals get in the way of multilateral agreements: Why WTO is marginalized," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 45(5), pages 877-894.
    5. Jelliffe, Jeremy & Gerval, Adam & Husby, Megan & Jarrell, Philip & Williams, Brian, 2023. "United Kingdom Agricultural Production and Trade Policy Post-Brexit," USDA Miscellaneous 333547, United States Department of Agriculture.
    6. Jafari, Yaghoob & Britz, Wolfgang & Guimbard, Houssein & Beckman, Jayson, 2021. "Properly capturing tariff rate quotas for trade policy analysis in computable general equilibrium models," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Binfield, Julian C.R. & Donnellan, Trevor & Hanrahan, Kevin F. & Westhoff, Patrick C., 2009. "WTO Doha Round: Impact of an Agreement on Agriculture and the Importance of Sensitive Products," 83rd Annual Conference, March 30 - April 1, 2009, Dublin, Ireland 50936, Agricultural Economics Society.
    2. Gouel, Christophe & Mitaritonna, Cristina & Ramos, Maria Priscila, 2011. "Sensitive products in the Doha negotiations: The case of European and Japanese market access," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 2395-2403.
    3. Khorana, Sangeeta, 2008. "The Developmental Relevance of Tariff Rate Quotas as a Market Access Instrument: An Analysis of Swiss Agricultural Imports," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 9(2), pages 1-24.
    4. Bowen Chen & Nelson B. Villoria & Tian Xia, 2020. "Tariff quota administration in China's grain markets: An empirical assessment," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 51(2), pages 191-206, March.
    5. Jafari, Yaghoob & Britz, Wolfgang & Guimbard, Houssein & Beckman, Jayson, 2021. "Properly capturing tariff rate quotas for trade policy analysis in computable general equilibrium models," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    6. Grant, Jason & Xie, Chaoping & Boys, Kathryn, 2022. "Firms, Agricultural Imports, and Tariff-Rate Quotas: An Assessment of China’s Wheat, Corn, and Rice Imports Using Firm-Level Data," Commissioned Papers 321889, International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium.
    7. Joerin, Robert, 2014. "Improving Market Access: The Role Of Auctions In Converting Tariff-Rate Quotas Into Single Tariffs," Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics (RAAE), Faculty of Economics and Management, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, vol. 17(1), March.
    8. repec:ags:aoeisl:170467 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Ahmed, Wasim & Hussain, Safdar & Jafar, Rana Muhammad Sohail & Guang-Ju, Wang & Rabnawaz, Ambar & Saqib, Zulkaif Ahmed & JianZhou, Yang, 2016. "Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Dairy Industry in China," MPRA Paper 70385, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Michael J. Ferrantino, 2006. "Quantifying the Trade and Economic Effects of Non-Tariff Measures," OECD Trade Policy Papers 28, OECD Publishing.
    11. Unknown, 2007. "Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development, Volume 3, Number 1, Spring 2007," Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development, Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development, vol. 3(1).
    12. Pan, Suwen & Welch, Mark & Mohanty, Samarendu & Fadiga, Mohamadou L. & Ethridge, Don E., 2005. "Assessing the Impacts of the Chinese TRQ System and U.S. Subsidies on the World Cotton Market," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 6(2), pages 1-16.
    13. Oyewumi, Olubukola Ayodeju, 2005. "Modeling tariff rate quotas in the South African livestock industry," Master's Degree Theses 28064, University of the Free State, Department of Agricultural Economics.
    14. W. H. Furtan & Blain M. van Melle, 2004. "Canada's Agricultural Trade in North America: Do National Borders Matter?," Review of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 26(3), pages 317-331.
    15. Anonymous & Meilke, Karl D. & Knutson, Ronald D. & Ochoa, Rene F. & Rude, James, 2006. "Achieving NAFTA Plus," 2006 NAAMIC Workshop III: Achieving NAFTA Plus 163871, North American Agrifood Market Integration Consortium (NAAMIC).
    16. James Falk & Jana Hranaiova & Harry Gorter, 2006. "Constrained equilibrium in a bidding problem," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 14(3), pages 299-311, September.
    17. Chemnitz, Christine & Grethe, Harald, 2005. "EU Trade Preferences for Moroccan Tomato Exports--Who Benefits?," 2005 International Congress, August 23-27, 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark 24686, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    18. Anna Nagurney & Deniz Besik & Ladimer S. Nagurney, 2019. "Global supply chain networks and tariff rate quotas: equilibrium analysis with application to agricultural products," Journal of Global Optimization, Springer, vol. 75(2), pages 439-460, October.
    19. Barichello, Richard R. & Cranfield, John & Meilke, Karl D., "undated". "Options for Supply Management in Canada with Trade Liberalization," 2006 NAAMIC Workshop III: Achieving NAFTA Plus 163876, North American Agrifood Market Integration Consortium (NAAMIC).
    20. Colin A. Carter & Tina L. Saitone & K. Aleks Schaefer, 2019. "Managed trade: The USMexico sugar suspension agreements," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 52(3), pages 1195-1222, August.
    21. Li, Xianghong & Carter, Colin A., 2005. "Agricultural Tariff Rate Quotas: Impacts on Market Access," 2005 Annual meeting, July 24-27, Providence, RI 19413, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Agricultural Finance;

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ags:uerser:308595. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: AgEcon Search (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ersgvus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.