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Global supply chain networks and tariff rate quotas: equilibrium analysis with application to agricultural products

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  • Anna Nagurney

    (University of Massachusetts)

  • Deniz Besik

    (University of Massachusetts)

  • Ladimer S. Nagurney

    (University of Hartford)

Abstract

In this paper, we develop a global supply chain network model in which profit-maximizing firms engage in competition in the production and distribution of products in the presence of quantitative trade policy instruments in the form of tariff rate quotas. Tariff rate quotas are two-tiered tariffs, in which a lower in-quota tariff is applied to the units of imports until a quota or upper bound is attained and then a higher over-quota tariff is applied to all subsequent imports. They are utilized to protect domestic producers in the case of a wide range of products, from agricultural ones to fabrics and even steel, and can be challenging to formulate. We construct the governing set of novel equilibrium conditions associated with the product flows and Lagrange multipliers, which correspond to quota rent equivalents, and derive the variational inequality formulation. Qualitative properties are presented along with an effective algorithm, which is then applied to compute solutions to numerical examples comprising an agricultural product case study on avocados and global trade. This work is the first to model and solve general, competitive supply chain network problems consisting of oligopolistic firms with multiple production sites and demand markets in multiple countries subject to tariff rate quotas.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Nagurney & Deniz Besik & Ladimer S. Nagurney, 2019. "Global supply chain networks and tariff rate quotas: equilibrium analysis with application to agricultural products," Journal of Global Optimization, Springer, vol. 75(2), pages 439-460, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jglopt:v:75:y:2019:i:2:d:10.1007_s10898-019-00794-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s10898-019-00794-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Anna Nagurney & Dana Hassani & Oleg Nivievskyi & Pavlo Martyshev, 2023. "Exchange rates and multicommodity international trade: insights from spatial price equilibrium modeling with policy instruments via variational inequalities," Journal of Global Optimization, Springer, vol. 87(1), pages 1-30, September.
    2. Hamdouch, Younes & Ghoudi, Kilani, 2020. "A Supply Chain Equilibrium Model with General Price-Dependent Demand," Operations Research Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 7(C).
    3. Feng, Pingping & Zhou, Xiaoyang & Zhang, Ding & Chen, Zhaobo & Wang, Shouyang, 2022. "The impact of trade policy on global supply chain network equilibrium: A new perspective of product-market chain competition," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    4. Luttiely Santos Oliveira & Ricardo Luiz Machado, 2021. "Application of optimization methods in the closed-loop supply chain: a literature review," Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, Springer, vol. 41(2), pages 357-400, February.
    5. Zhou, Xiaoyang & Zhu, Qiuyun & Xu, Lei & Wang, Kai & Yin, Xiang & Mangla, Sachin Kumar, 2024. "The effect of carbon tariffs and the associated coping strategies: A global supply chain perspective," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).

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