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Social assistance and inclusive growth

Author

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  • Armando Barrientos
  • Daniele Malerba

Abstract

The expansion of social assistance in low‐ and middle‐income countries raises important issues for inclusive growth. Labour is by far the principal asset of low‐income groups. Changes in the quantity, quality, and allocation of labour associated with social assistance will impact on the productive capacity of low‐income groups and therefore on inclusive growth. The article re‐assesses the findings reported by impact evaluations of social assistance in low‐ and middle‐income countries to address this issue. Most studies have tested for potentially adverse labour supply incentive effects from transfers but have failed to find supportive evidence. The article highlights findings from this literature on the effects of social assistance on human capital accumulation and labour reallocation. They point to the conclusion that well‐designed and well‐implemented social assistance contributes to inclusive growth. L'expansion de l'aide sociale dans les pays à faible et moyen revenu soulève d'importantes questions pour la croissance inclusive. Le travail représente de loin l'actif principal des groupes à faible revenu. Si l'on modifie la quantité, la qualité et l'affectation du travail en y ajoutant une aide sociale, cela influencera la capacité de production des groupes à faible revenu et, ainsi, la croissance inclusive. Cet article réévalue les leçons tirées des évaluations de l'impact de l'aide sociale dans les pays à faible et moyen revenu pour traiter cette question. La plupart des études ont analysé les effets potentiellement contreproductifs des transferts comme incitations à l'emploi, mais n'ont pas réussi à apporter des preuves convaincantes. Cet article met en lumière les conclusions de ces publications quant à l'influence de l'aide sociale sur l'accumulation du capital humain et la réaffectation du travail. Les auteurs en concluent qu'une aide sociale bien conçue et correctement mise en œuvre contribue à la croissance inclusive. La extensión de la asistencia social en los países de ingresos bajos y medios plantea cuestiones importantes para abordar el crecimiento inclusivo. La fuerza laboral es, con diferencia, el principal activo de los grupos de bajos ingresos. Los cambios en la cantidad, la calidad y la distribución de la mano de obra relacionados con la asistencia social incidirán en la capacidad productiva de los grupos de bajos ingresos y, por lo tanto, en el crecimiento inclusivo. Para abordar este tema, en el artículo se reexaminan las conclusiones de las evaluaciones sobre la incidencia de la asistencia social en los países de ingresos bajos y medios. En la mayoría de los estudios se han evaluado los efectos de incentivo potencialmente adversos para la oferta de mano de obra provocados por las transferencias, pero no se han hallado pruebas que los evidencien. En el artículo se destacan los resultados de estos estudios sobre los efectos de la asistencia social en la acumulación de capital humano y la redistribución de la mano de obra. La conclusión es que una asistencia social bien diseñada y puesta en práctica contribuye al crecimiento inclusivo. Die Ausweitung der Sozialhilfe in Ländern mit niedrigen und mittleren Einkommen wirft wichtige Fragen für das integrative Wachstum auf. Arbeit ist bei Weitem das wichtigste Kapital der Geringverdiener. Änderungen bei Menge, Qualität und Zuteilung von Arbeit in Verbindung mit Sozialhilfe wirken sich auf die produktive Kapazität der Geringverdienergruppen und somit auf das integrative Wachstum aus. Um dieses Problem anzugehen, bewertet der vorliegende Artikel die Erkenntnisse aus der Evaluierung der Auswirkungen von Sozialhilfe in Ländern mit geringen und niedrigen Einkommen neu. Die meisten Studien haben bisher potenziell ungünstige Anreize im Zusammenhang mit dem Arbeitsangebot infolge von Transfers untersucht, aber keine unterstützenden Belege gefunden. Der Artikel befasst sich mit Erkenntnissen aus dieser Literatur über die Auswirkungen von Sozialhilfe auf die Humankapitalbildung und Neuzuteilung von Arbeit, die zu dem Schluss kommen, dass eine gut ausgestaltete und gut umgesetzte staatliche Fürsorge zu einem integrativen Wachstum beiträgt. Расширение социальной помощи в странах с низким и средним уровнем дохода поднимает вопросы, которые являются важными для инклюзивного роста. В настоящее время рабочая сила является основным активом населения с низким доходом. Изменения в количестве, качестве и распределении рабочей силы, связанные с социальной помощью, повлияют на производственный потенциал лиц с низким доходом и, следовательно, на инклюзивный рост. В статье проводится переоценка данных, полученных в результате анализа воздействия социальной помощи в странах с низким и средним уровнем доходов, что послужит поиском решений такой ситуации. В большинстве исследований изучались потенциально неблагоприятные результаты поддержки рабочего населения путём предоставления финансовой помощи, но в итоге подтверждающие доказательства так и не были найдены. В статье говориться о влиянии социальной помощи на накопление человеческого капитала и перераспределение рабочей силы. Анализ данных сводится к тому, что хорошо продуманные и хорошо реализованные программы по социальной помощи способствуют инклюзивному росту. 中低收入国家社会救助规模的扩大对包容性增长提出了重要议题。到目前为止, 劳动力仍然是低收入群体的主要资产。与社会救助相关的劳动力数量、质量和分配的变化, 将影响低收入群体的生产力, 进而影响包容性增长。本文重新评估了中低收入国家社会救助影响评估的报告结果, 试图解决这一问题。大多数研究就转移支付可能对劳动力供给激励产生负面影响进行了测试, 但未能发现支持性证据。本文强调了社会救助对人力资本积累和劳动力再分配影响方面的文献结果。文献所指向的结论是, 精心设计和稳妥实施的社会救助有助于实现包容性增长。 يثير توسيع نطاق المساعدة الاجتماعية في البلدان ذات الدخل المنخفض والمتوسط قضايا هامة بالنسبة للنمو الشامل. إن العمل هو، بلا منازع، مصدر القوة الرئيسي للفئات ذات الدخل المنخفض. لذا، فإن التغيرات التي تطرأ على كم العمالة المرتبطة بالمساعدة الاجتماعية وجودة هذه العمالة وتوزيعها ستؤثر على القدرة الإنتاجية للفئات المنخفضة الدخل وبالتالي على النمو الشامل. ويعيد هذا المقال تقييم النتائج التي جرى التوصل إليها بعد تقييم أثر المساعدة الاجتماعية في البلدان ذات الدخل المنخفض والمتوسط لتناول هذه المسألة. ولقد اختبرت معظم الدراسات الآثار الضارة المحتملة لحوافز توفير اليد العاملة الناجمة عن عمليات النقل ولكن لم تجد هذه الدراسات أي أدلة على ذلك. ويبرز هذه المقال نتائج هذه الدراسات فيما يتعلق بآثار المساعدة الاجتماعية على تراكم رأس المال البشري وإعادة توزيع العمالة. وخلُصت هذه الدراسات إلى أن المساعدة التقنية المصممة والمنفذة بشكل جيد تساهم في تحقيق النمو الشامل. A expansão da assistência social em países de baixa e média renda levanta importantes questões para o crescimento inclusivo. A mão de obra é, de longe, o principal recurso dos grupos de baixa renda. As mudanças em quantidade, qualidade e alocação da mão de obra, associadas à assistência social, impactará na capacidade produtiva dos grupos de baixa renda e, portanto, no crescimento inclusivo. O artigo reavalia as conclusões levantadas pelas avaliações do impacto da assistência social nos países de baixa e média renda na abordagem desta questão. Grande parte dos estudos testou os efeitos potencialmente adversos das transferências no incentivo à oferta de mão de obra, mas não encontrou provas comprobatórias. O artigo destaca os levantamentos dos textos especializados sobre os efeitos da assistência social no acúmulo de capital e na realocação da mão de obra. Apontam para a conclusão de que uma assistência social bem projetada e bem implementada contribui para o crescimento inclusivo.

Suggested Citation

  • Armando Barrientos & Daniele Malerba, 2020. "Social assistance and inclusive growth," International Social Security Review, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 73(3), pages 33-53, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:intssr:v:73:y:2020:i:3:p:33-53
    DOI: 10.1111/issr.12244
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    1. Francesco Burchi & Markus Loewe & Daniele Malerba & Julia Leininger, 2022. "Disentangling the Relationship Between Social Protection and Social Cohesion: Introduction to the Special Issue," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 34(3), pages 1195-1215, June.
    2. Dante Cardoso & Laura Carvalho & Gilberto Tadeu Lima & Luiza Nassif-Pires & Fernando Rugitsky & Marina Sanches, 2023. "The Multiplier Effects of Government Expenditures on Social Protection: A Multi-Country Analysis," Working Papers, Department of Economics 2023_11, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP).

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