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The revolution is dead, long live the demolition: Education and labor market consequences of student riots

Author

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  • Ozturk Ahmet

    (Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries (SESRIC), Ankara, Turkey)

  • Tumen Semih

    (Department of Economics, TED University and IZA, Ankara, Turkey)

Abstract

The 1970s witnessed violent, widespread, and highly-politicized student protests in Turkey. Small protests turned into bloody street clashes, the death toll exceeded 5,000, and a military coup came in—which resulted in mass arrests. The universities were at the center of violent conflict. We study the education and labor market consequences of this political turmoil on the cohorts exposed to educational disruptions. First, we document that the number of new admissions and graduates in post-secondary education declined significantly due to the turmoil. The decline in post-secondary graduation ratio is 6.6 percentage points for the exposed individuals. Second, we estimate a counterfactual wage distribution for the exposed cohorts and check whether the turmoil affected their wage and occupation distributions. We show that the decline in educational attainment pushed the exposed population toward medium- and low-income occupations, and compressed their wages toward the minimum wage. Finally, we use the unexpected decline in post-secondary education as an instrument to estimate returns to college. We find that the college-premium is around 15 percent per year for men.

Suggested Citation

  • Ozturk Ahmet & Tumen Semih, 2023. "The revolution is dead, long live the demolition: Education and labor market consequences of student riots," IZA Journal of Labor Economics, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-34, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:izajle:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:34:n:1
    DOI: 10.2478/izajole-2023-0004
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Student protests; political conflict; tertiary education disruptions; returns to college;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D74 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • I26 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Returns to Education

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