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Focusing on Women in STEM: A Longitudinal Examination of Gender-Based Earning Gap of College Graduates

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  • Yonghong Xu

Abstract

This study investigates the underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupations from the aspect of earning differentials. Using a national data source that tracked college graduates' work experiences over a ten-year time frame post-bachelor's degree, this study examines longitudinally the gender-based earning gaps of college graduates in STEM fields, and compares the earning differentials between STEM and non-STEM occupations. The findings indicate a significant departure between the earning profiles of men and women within the first ten years of employment. Further, findings indicate that women in STEM occupations experienced multiple earning penalties concurrent with their growing family obligations. To increase the representation of women in STEM fields, interventions are called for to encourage a family-friendly workplace that is open to and supportive of women managing a home and career. Also, incentives are needed to support women's continuation to graduate education as a means to increase their human capital and to level their earning power.

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  • Yonghong Xu, 2015. "Focusing on Women in STEM: A Longitudinal Examination of Gender-Based Earning Gap of College Graduates," The Journal of Higher Education, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 86(4), pages 489-523, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:uhejxx:v:86:y:2015:i:4:p:489-523
    DOI: 10.1080/00221546.2015.11777373
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    Cited by:

    1. Charissa Samaniego & Peggy Lindner & Maryam A. Kazmi & Bobbie A. Dirr & Dejun Tony Kong & Evonzia Jeff-Eke & Christiane Spitzmueller, 2023. "Higher research productivity = more pay? Gender pay-for-productivity inequity across disciplines," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 128(2), pages 1395-1407, February.
    2. Zając, Tomasz & Magda, Iga & Bożykowski, M. & Chłoń-Domińczak, Agnieszka & Jasiński, M., 2023. "Gender Pay Gaps across STEM Fields of Study," IZA Discussion Papers 16613, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Hartshorn, Jessica A. & Brockerhoff, Eckehard G. & Klapwijk, Maartje J. & Marzano, Mariella & Ganley, Rebecca J. & Darr, Molly N., 2023. "Attracting and retaining women in forest entomology and forest pathology," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    4. Julie J. Park & Young K. Kim & Kristyn Lue & Roshan M. Parikh, 2022. "What’s Next? Soon-to-be STEM Graduates on Their Post-graduate Plans," Research in Higher Education, Springer;Association for Institutional Research, vol. 63(8), pages 1343-1367, December.
    5. Kathleen N. Smith & Joy Gaston Gayles, 2018. "“Girl Power”: Gendered Academic and Workplace Experiences of College Women in Engineering," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-23, January.
    6. Gustavo Tietz Cazeri & Izabela Simon Rampasso & Walter Leal Filho & Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves Quelhas & Milena Pavan Serafim & Rosley Anholon, 2021. "Gender Wage Gaps in Brazilian Companies Listed in the Ibovespa Index: A Critical Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-11, June.
    7. Karen L. Webber & Manuel González Canché, 2018. "Is There a Gendered Path to Tenure? A Multi-State Approach to Examine the Academic Trajectories of U.S. Doctoral Recipients in the Sciences," Research in Higher Education, Springer;Association for Institutional Research, vol. 59(7), pages 897-932, November.

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