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A Scenario Based Impact Assessment of Trace Metals on Ecosystem of River Ganges Using Multivariate Analysis Coupled with Fuzzy Decision-Making Approach

Author

Listed:
  • R. Srinivas

    (Civil Engineering Department, BITS)

  • Ajit Pratap Singh

    (Civil Engineering Department, BITS)

  • Rishikesh Sharma

    (Mathematics Department, BITS)

Abstract

The growing consciousness about the health risks associated with environmental pollutants has brought a major shift in global concern towards prevention of hazardous/trace metals discharge in water bodies. Majority of these trace metals gets accumulated in the body of aquatic lives, which are considered as potential indicators of hazardous content. This results in an ecological imbalance in the form of poisoning, diseases and even death of fish and other aquatic lives, and ultimately affect humans through food chain. Trace metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn originated from various industrial operations containing metallic solutions and agricultural practices, have been contributing significantly to cause aquatic pollution. The present study develops a novel approach of expressing sustainability of river’s ecosystem based on health of the fish by coupling fuzzy sensitivity analysis into multivariate analysis. A systematic methodology has been developed by generating monoplot, two dimensional biplot and rotated component matrix (using ‘Analyze it’ and ‘SPSS’ software), which can simultaneously identify critical trace metals and their industrial sources, critical sampling stations, and adversely affected fish species along with their interrelationships. A case study of assessing the impact of trace metals on the aquatic life of river Ganges, India has also been presented to demonstrate effectiveness of the model. The clusters pertaining to various water quality parameters have been identified using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine actual sources of pollutants and their impact on aquatic life. The fuzzy sensitivity analysis reveals the cause-effect relationship of these critical parameters. The study suggests pollution control agencies to enforce appropriate regulations on the wastewater dischargers responsible for polluting river streams with a particular kind of trace metal(s).

Suggested Citation

  • R. Srinivas & Ajit Pratap Singh & Rishikesh Sharma, 2017. "A Scenario Based Impact Assessment of Trace Metals on Ecosystem of River Ganges Using Multivariate Analysis Coupled with Fuzzy Decision-Making Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(13), pages 4165-4185, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:31:y:2017:i:13:d:10.1007_s11269-017-1738-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-017-1738-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anand V. Singh & Jitendra Pandey, 2014. "Heavy metals in the midstream of the Ganges River: spatio-temporal trends in a seasonally dry tropical region (India)," Water International, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(4), pages 504-516, July.
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    5. Priyam Das & Kenneth R. Tamminga, 2012. "The Ganges and the GAP: An Assessment of Efforts to Clean a Sacred River," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 4(8), pages 1-22, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xing, Shiqi & Batabyal, Amitrajeet, 2019. "A Safe Minimum Standard, an Elasticity of Substitution, and the Cleanup of the Ganges in Varanasi," MPRA Paper 93846, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 15 Mar 2019.
    2. Adam Khalifa Mohamed & Dan Liu & Kai Song & Mohamed A. A. Mohamed & Elsiddig Aldaw & Basheer A. Elubid, 2019. "Hydrochemical Analysis and Fuzzy Logic Method for Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in the North Chengdu Plain, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-21, January.
    3. Li, Xiangrong & Zhu, Shaoying & Yüksel, Serhat & Dinçer, Hasan & Ubay, Gözde Gülseven, 2020. "Kano-based mapping of innovation strategies for renewable energy alternatives using hybrid interval type-2 fuzzy decision-making approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    4. R. Srinivas & Ajit Pratap Singh & Divyanshu Shankar, 2020. "Understanding the threats and challenges concerning Ganges River basin for effective policy recommendations towards sustainable development," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 3655-3690, April.

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