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Heterogeneity in population and values and water pollution control: The Ganges in Kanpur and Varanasi, India

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  • Batabyal, Amitrajeet
  • Yoo, Seung Jick

Abstract

We utilize the public good features of Ganges water pollution clean-up and conduct a game-theoretic analysis of an economy consisting of two Indian cities, Kanpur and Varanasi, through which the Ganges flows. We show how heterogeneity in the two cities in population and the value placed on pollution clean-up determines whether clean-up ought to be centralized or decentralized. Under decentralization, in several scenarios, it is optimal for only one city to clean-up pollution. Under centralization, this exclusive clean-up of pollution is suboptimal but the amount of pollution cleaned up can be larger or smaller than the amount cleaned up under decentralization. We note the broader environmental and public health implications of pollution control and contend that the two differences between Kanpur and Varanasi and the use of majority voting are key factors to consider when pondering how much pollution to clean up in this economy and in other settings.

Suggested Citation

  • Batabyal, Amitrajeet & Yoo, Seung Jick, 2023. "Heterogeneity in population and values and water pollution control: The Ganges in Kanpur and Varanasi, India," MPRA Paper 120289, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 06 Feb 2024.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:120289
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Amitrajeet A. Batabyal & Hamid Beladi, 2023. "Centralized versus Decentralized Cleanup of River Water Pollution: An Application to the Ganges," Games, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-12, October.
    2. Amitrajeet A. Batabyal & Hamid Beladi, 2017. "Cleaning the Ganges in Varanasi to Attract Tourists," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 45(4), pages 511-513, December.
    3. Batabyal, Amitrajeet & Kourtit, Karima & Nijkamp, Peter, 2022. "Climate Change and River Water Pollution: An Application to the Ganges in Kanpur," MPRA Paper 116453, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 09 Jan 2023.
    4. Bhaduri, Anik & Barbier, Edward B., 2008. "International water transfer and sharing: the case of the Ganges River," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 13(1), pages 29-51, February.
    5. Priyam Das & Kenneth R. Tamminga, 2012. "The Ganges and the GAP: An Assessment of Efforts to Clean a Sacred River," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 4(8), pages 1-22, July.
    6. Amitrajeet A. BATABYAL & Seung Jick YOO, 2022. "A Theoretical Analysis Of Costs, Waste Treatment, Pollution In The Ganges, And Leather Production By Tanneries In Kanpur, India," Regional Science Inquiry, Hellenic Association of Regional Scientists, vol. 0(2), pages 47-53, June.
    7. Xu, Jin-Jin & Wang, Hai-Jie & Tang, Kai, 2022. "The sustainability of industrial structure on green eco-efficiency in the Yellow River Basin," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 775-788.
    8. Bhaduri Anik & Barbier Edward B, 2008. "Political Altruism of Transboundary Water Sharing," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 8(1), pages 1-30, August.
    9. Ferrer, Alice Joan G. & Thanh, Le Ha & Kiet, Nguyen Tuan & Chuong, Pham Hong & Trang, Vu Thu & Hopanda, Jinky C. & Carmelita, Benedict Mark & Gummadi, Sridhar & Bernardo, Eisen Bernard, 2022. "The impact of an adjusted cropping calendar on the welfare of rice farming households in the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 639-652.
    10. Rohit Sharma & Raghvendra Kumar & Devendra Kumar Sharma & Manash Sarkar & Brojo Kishore Mishra & Vikram Puri & Ishaani Priyadarshini & Pham Huy Thong & Phuong Thao Thi Ngo & Viet-Ha Nhu, 2022. "Water pollution examination through quality analysis of different rivers: a case study in India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(6), pages 7471-7492, June.
    11. Batabyal, Amitrajeet & Beladi, Hamid, 2020. "A Political Economy Model of the Ganges Pollution Cleanup Problem," MPRA Paper 102790, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 28 May 2020.
    12. Anh, Nguyen Tuan & Gan, Christopher & Anh, Dao Le Trang, 2022. "Multi-market credit rationing: The determinants of and impacts on farm performance in Vietnam," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 159-173.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Clean-up; Ganges River; Population Difference; Values Difference; Water Pollution;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D81 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth

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