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Experimental Study on Slope Runoff, Erosion and Sediment under Different Vegetation Types

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  • Xia Zhang
  • Guo Yu
  • Zhan Li
  • Peng Li

Abstract

The relationships between precipitation, vegetation and erosion are important yet unresolved issues in the field of earth surface processes. Vegetation plays an important role in controlling soil erosion. Through field simulated rainfall experiments, we analyzed the characteristics, regulation of, and correlation among the slope rainfall-infiltration-runoff, erosion and sediment under different vegetation types. The results showed that the forest effectively improved soil structure, had stronger runoff and sediment regulation and was influenced less by rainfall intensity than those under other vegetative conditions. In addition, the efficiency and pattern of the regulation of runoff and sediment varied with vegetation types as did the mechanism of action. The soil and water conservation function of forest was water storage and sediment reduction by plant root systems to reduce erosion power, increase infiltration, decrease runoff and reduce flow speed. The function of grassland was direct sediment interception based on surface vegetation canopy for runoff and sediment regulation. The root contribution to runoff and sediment reduction was relatively greater than the shoot contribution under forest conditions, whereas, the effect of shoots and roots on soil loss was almost equivalent under grassland conditions. The different spatial structures of vegetation affected runoff and sediment regulation in different ways, and plant root systems were crucial for soil and water conservation. The cumulative sediment yield of the slopes increased as a statistically significant power function of cumulative runoff. The coefficient and curve shape of function were dependent on vegetation type, soil properties, rainfall intensity and surface roughness. The process of slope runoff and sediment was divided into development, active and stable stages. These stages correlated with each other to constitute a complete rainfall-runoff and erosion-sediment process, which exhibited their own features at each stage. This study furthers understanding of the relationships between vegetation, soil erosion and precipitation. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

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  • Xia Zhang & Guo Yu & Zhan Li & Peng Li, 2014. "Experimental Study on Slope Runoff, Erosion and Sediment under Different Vegetation Types," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(9), pages 2415-2433, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:28:y:2014:i:9:p:2415-2433
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-014-0603-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Qu Simin & Wang Tao & Bao Weimin & Shi Peng & Jiang Peng & Zhou Minmin & Yu Zhongbo, 2013. "Evaluating Infiltration Mechanisms Using Breakthrough Curve and Mean Residence Time," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(13), pages 4579-4590, October.
    2. Longshan Zhao & Linhua Wang & Xinlan Liang & Jian Wang & Faqi Wu, 2013. "Soil Surface Roughness Effects on Infiltration Process of a Cultivated Slopes on the Loess Plateau of China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(14), pages 4759-4771, November.
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    4. Lin Dou & Mingbin Huang & Yang Hong, 2009. "Statistical Assessment of the Impact of Conservation Measures on Streamflow Responses in a Watershed of the Loess Plateau, China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(10), pages 1935-1949, August.
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    2. Xiaoxin Li & Ruichen Mao & Jinxi Song & Junqing Gao & Aying Shi & Wei Xiang & Haotian Sun, 2024. "Response of Runoff Change to Soil and Water Conservation Measures in the Jing River Catchment of China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-21, March.
    3. Qinghe Zhao & Yifan Zhang & Shanshan Xu & Xiaoyu Ji & Shuoqian Wang & Shengyan Ding, 2019. "Relationships between Riparian Vegetation Pattern and the Hydraulic Characteristics of Upslope Runoff," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-16, May.
    4. Julio Cesar Neves Santos & Eunice Maia Andrade & Pedro Henrique Augusto Medeiros & Maria João Simas Guerreiro & Helba Araújo Queiroz Palácio, 2017. "Effect of Rainfall Characteristics on Runoff and Water Erosion for Different Land Uses in a Tropical Semiarid Region," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(1), pages 173-185, January.
    5. Jinping Zhang & Yong Zhao & Weihua Xiao, 2015. "Multi-Resolution Cointegration Prediction for Runoff and Sediment Load," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(10), pages 3601-3613, August.
    6. Jianbo Liu & Guangyao Gao & Bing Zhang, 2023. "Effect of Shrub Components on Soil Water and Its Response to Precipitation at Different Time Scales in the Loess Plateau," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-15, March.
    7. Thiago Augusto Mendes & Sávio Aparecido dos Santos Pereira & Juan Félix Rodriguez Rebolledo & Gilson de Farias Neves Gitirana & Maria Tereza da Silva Melo & Marta Pereira da Luz, 2021. "Development of a Rainfall and Runoff Simulator for Performing Hydrological and Geotechnical Tests," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-22, March.
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