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Runoff estimation using SCS-CN and GIS techniques in the Sulaymaniyah sub-basin of the Kurdistan region of Iraq

Author

Listed:
  • Bakhtiar Osman Khzr

    (University of Raparin)

  • Gaylan Rasul Faqe Ibrahim

    (Soran University
    University of Halabja)

  • Ariean Ali Hamid

    (University of Halabja)

  • Shwan Ahmad Ail

    (Soran University)

Abstract

The need for conserving water rises as the resource becomes scarcer. The most essential step in order to manage this resource is to estimate watershed runoff. Runoff and rainfall are the main two sources that maintain ground water and recharge it. Hydrologists in the Kurdistan Region face the challenge of unavailability of data (most watersheds in the area are ungauged) or inaccurate data. The surface runoff of the study area was simulated via soil conservation service-curve number (SCS-CN) technique integrated into geographical information system (GIS). Surface runoff and curve number maps were made using the GIS created and processed data from land use/land cover (LU/LC), daily rainfall, hydrologic soil group and slope thematic maps. The results showed that the urbanization of the Sulaymaniyah watershed has increased the impermeability of the land by 40.9% for the period from 1999 to 2019. The runoff depth was 40.2% higher in 2019 as compared to 1999 due to the increase of the impermeable surface area. Research has also revealed a growth in built-up areas with a decrease of coverage in vegetation, resulting in a greater depth of surface runoff in urban catchment areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Bakhtiar Osman Khzr & Gaylan Rasul Faqe Ibrahim & Ariean Ali Hamid & Shwan Ahmad Ail, 2022. "Runoff estimation using SCS-CN and GIS techniques in the Sulaymaniyah sub-basin of the Kurdistan region of Iraq," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 2640-2655, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:24:y:2022:i:2:d:10.1007_s10668-021-01549-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01549-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shanshan Hu & Yunyun Fan & Tao Zhang, 2020. "Assessing the Effect of Land Use Change on Surface Runoff in a Rapidly Urbanized City: A Case Study of the Central Area of Beijing," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-15, January.
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    3. Ashok Mishra & S. Kar & V. Singh, 2007. "Prioritizing Structural Management by Quantifying the Effect of Land Use and Land Cover on Watershed Runoff and Sediment Yield," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 21(11), pages 1899-1913, November.
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