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Design of Water Distribution Network for Equitable Supply

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  • Jacob Chandapillai
  • K. Sudheer
  • S. Saseendran

Abstract

Water shortage is experienced in different parts of the world in different magnitude. In certain countries, water deficit is a regular phenomenon and in some other countries it happens for a short duration, due to failure of any component in the system. Shortage of water at source can be best tackled by distributing the available water equally among the consumers. This paper deals with the design of water distribution network capable of equitable supply during shortage in addition to the satisfactory performance under non-deficit condition. Performance of a typical water distribution network, with shortage of water at source is illustrated in detail. Head dependent outflow analysis with extended period simulation, is used to determine the actual supply from each node to consumers. Relationship between duration of supply and volume available at source as well as supply from each node are established for understanding the behaviour of network under low supply situation. A term “inequity” which is the maximum difference in supply demand ratio among different consumers is presented. This is based on the actual performance of the network instead of surrogate measures, generally used for reliability. It is illustrated that the maximum “inequity” in supply in a network during the entire duration of supply can be estimated with single analysis. Design of a water distribution network, duly considering equity in addition to the cost minimization and minimum head requirement is presented. Genetic Algorithm is used for solving this multi objective problem. The solution technique is illustrated using two benchmark problems, namely two loop network and Hanoi network. Results show that considerable improvement in equitable supply can be achieved with additional investment on pipes above the least cost solution. Hence it is better to design networks duly considering deficit condition for better reliability. It is also illustrated that it will be difficult to improve equity beyond a limit for a given network, through selection of different pipe diameters. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012

Suggested Citation

  • Jacob Chandapillai & K. Sudheer & S. Saseendran, 2012. "Design of Water Distribution Network for Equitable Supply," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(2), pages 391-406, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:26:y:2012:i:2:p:391-406
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-011-9923-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohammadjafar Soltanjalili & Omid Bozorg-Haddad & Migual Mariño, 2011. "Effect of Breakage Level One in Design of Water Distribution Networks," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(1), pages 311-337, January.
    2. Enrico Creaco & Marco Franchini & Stefano Alvisi, 2010. "Optimal Placement of Isolation Valves in Water Distribution Systems Based on Valve Cost and Weighted Average Demand Shortfall," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(15), pages 4317-4338, December.
    3. S. Liberatore & G. Sechi, 2009. "Location and Calibration of Valves in Water Distribution Networks Using a Scatter-Search Meta-heuristic Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(8), pages 1479-1495, June.
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    2. Raziyeh Farmani & David Butler, 2014. "Implications of Urban Form on Water Distribution Systems Performance," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(1), pages 83-97, January.
    3. P. Sivakumar & R. Prasad, 2014. "Simulation of Water Distribution Network under Pressure-Deficient Condition," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(10), pages 3271-3290, August.
    4. I. García & P. Montesinos & E. Poyato & J. Díaz, 2014. "Methodology for Detecting Critical Points in Pressurized Irrigation Networks with Multiple Water Supply Points," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(4), pages 1095-1109, March.
    5. Shweta Rathi & Rajesh Gupta & Swapnil Kamble & Aabha Sargaonkar, 2016. "Risk Based Analysis for Contamination Event Selection and Optimal Sensor Placement for Intermittent Water Distribution Network Security," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(8), pages 2671-2685, June.
    6. P. Sivakumar & Nikolai B. Gorev & Rajesh Gupta & Tiku T. Tanyimboh & Inna F. Kodzhespirova & C. R. Suribabu, 2020. "Effects of Non-Zero Minimum Pressure Heads in Non-iterative Application of EPANET 2 in Pressure-Dependent Volume-Driven Analysis of Water Distribution Networks," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(15), pages 5047-5059, December.
    7. I. Fernández García & J. Rodríguez Díaz & E. Camacho Poyato & P. Montesinos, 2013. "Optimal Operation of Pressurized Irrigation Networks with Several Supply Sources," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(8), pages 2855-2869, June.
    8. Sanjeeb Mohapatra & Aabha Sargaonkar & Pawan Labhasetwar, 2014. "Distribution Network Assessment using EPANET for Intermittent and Continuous Water Supply," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(11), pages 3745-3759, September.
    9. I. Fernández García & P. Montesinos & E. Camacho Poyato & J. A. Rodríguez Díaz, 2017. "Optimal Design of Pressurized Irrigation Networks to Minimize the Operational Cost under Different Management Scenarios," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(6), pages 1995-2010, April.

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