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Implications of Urban Form on Water Distribution Systems Performance

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  • Raziyeh Farmani
  • David Butler

Abstract

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the relationship between urban form and the performance of a water distribution system. The effect of new development or redevelopment on the performance of an expanded rehabilitation of the well-known Anytown water distribution system is examined to provide an insight into their interaction, which can be considered along with other aspects of renewal to achieve more sustainable urban areas. A range of urban growth rates, urban form and water efficiency strategies are studied in relation to the system’s key performance indicators of total cost, resilience and water quality. The urban forms considered in this work are compact/uniform, monocentric, polycentric and edge developments. These development patterns are representative of common development approaches widely applied in urban planning. They also correspond to future settlement patterns, based on adopting four future (socio-economic) scenarios so called Policy Reform (PR), Fortress World (FW), New Sustainability Paradigm (NSP), and Market Forces (MF) respectively. Three growth rates and two water demand efficiency levels are considered. It is concluded the rate and type of urban development has major implications for the redesign and operation of existing water infrastructure in terms of total cost, water quality and system resilience, with uniform expansion (PR) resulting in the most cost-effective system upgrade by a considerable margin. Polycentric expansion as a representative urban form for New Sustainability Paradigm is the least cost-effective if it relies on centralised water distribution system to provide service to customers. Edge expansion (MF) has both the cheapest and the most expensive expansion costs depending on location of the expansion. Monocentric urban development (FW) does not result in the most cost-effective system contrary to what has been reported in the literature. Water efficiency measures had relatively little impact on overall performance as it was balanced out with demand increase due to new growth. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Suggested Citation

  • Raziyeh Farmani & David Butler, 2014. "Implications of Urban Form on Water Distribution Systems Performance," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(1), pages 83-97, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:28:y:2014:i:1:p:83-97
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-013-0472-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jacob Chandapillai & K. Sudheer & S. Saseendran, 2012. "Design of Water Distribution Network for Equitable Supply," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(2), pages 391-406, January.
    2. Raúl Baños & Juan Reca & Juan Martínez & Consolación Gil & Antonio Márquez, 2011. "Resilience Indexes for Water Distribution Network Design: A Performance Analysis Under Demand Uncertainty," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(10), pages 2351-2366, August.
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    2. Hannah Wong & Yves R. Filion & Vanessa Speight, 2020. "A Neighbourhood-Level Analysis of the Impact of Common Urban Forms on Energy Use in Drinking Water Distribution Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(9), pages 2641-2655, July.
    3. Basem Shomar & Mohamed Darwish & Candace Rowell, 2014. "What does Integrated Water Resources Management from Local to Global Perspective Mean? Qatar as a Case Study, the Very Rich Country with No Water," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(10), pages 2781-2791, August.
    4. Thulo Ram Gurung & Rodney A. Stewart & Cara D. Beal & Ashok K. Sharma, 2016. "Investigating the Financial Implications and Viability of Diversified Water Supply Systems in an Urban Water Supply Zone," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(11), pages 4037-4051, September.
    5. Xingqi Zhang & Maochuan Hu, 2014. "Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting in Runoff Volume Reduction in a Planned Industrial Park, China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(3), pages 671-682, February.
    6. Seungyub Lee & Joong Hoon Kim, 2020. "Quantitative Measure of Sustainability for Water Distribution Systems: A Comprehensive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-19, December.
    7. Tiku T. Tanyimboh & Calvin Siew & Salah Saleh & Anna Czajkowska, 2016. "Comparison of Surrogate Measures for the Reliability and Redundancy of Water Distribution Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(10), pages 3535-3552, August.

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