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Estimation of Urban Impervious Fraction from Satellite Images and Its Impact on Peak Discharge Entering a Storm Sewer System

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  • Fabrizio Ravagnani
  • Alberto Pellegrinelli
  • Marco Franchini

Abstract

The runoff coefficient in an urban basin is highly influenced by the impervious and pervious surface fractions since they affect the entity of rainwater entering a storm sewer system. Today these fractions can be estimated by reading high resolution satellite images that are readily available at a relatively low cost. However, this approach involves a certain margin of error when it comes to identifying the various types of cover and hence the total extent of impervious and pervious surfaces. The first problem addressed in this paper thus lies in assessing to what degree the error in the estimation of the two fractions—as derived from a reading of satellite images of the area taken into consideration—may impact the estimation of peak discharge which will be used in turn as a basis for designing or verifying a storm sewer system. A further aspect affecting the entity of rainwater that flows into a storm sewer system is the manner in which the impervious and pervious fractions are connected to the system itself. This type of information may not be deduced from satellite images, but only from an extensive field survey. However, such surveys are feasible only for areas of limited size, whereas they become prohibitive in terms of time and cost in the case of large catchments. An investigation was thus made into whether disregarding the type of connection would significantly affect the peak discharge taken as reference for the design or verification of a storm sewer system. The two above-mentioned problems were addressed in reference to a real case, represented by the town of Codigoro (Ferrara, Italy), in which five small basins with different types of land cover were selected. The results of our analysis show that an estimation of impervious and pervious fractions from high resolution satellite images is sufficiently precise and acceptable for estimating the peak discharge entering the sewer system. By contrast, disregarding the information on how the different areas are connected to the sewer system may lead to a marked overestimation of discharges. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009

Suggested Citation

  • Fabrizio Ravagnani & Alberto Pellegrinelli & Marco Franchini, 2009. "Estimation of Urban Impervious Fraction from Satellite Images and Its Impact on Peak Discharge Entering a Storm Sewer System," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(10), pages 1893-1915, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:23:y:2009:i:10:p:1893-1915
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-008-9359-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Madan Jha & Alivia Chowdhury & V. Chowdary & Stefan Peiffer, 2007. "Groundwater management and development by integrated remote sensing and geographic information systems: prospects and constraints," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 21(2), pages 427-467, February.
    2. Y. Liu & F. Smedt, 2005. "Flood Modeling for Complex Terrain Using GIS and Remote Sensed Information," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 19(5), pages 605-624, October.
    3. N. Nirupama & Slobodan Simonovic, 2007. "Increase of Flood Risk due to Urbanisation: A Canadian Example," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 40(1), pages 25-41, January.
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    1. Peter Bach & Ana Deletic & Christian Urich & Robert Sitzenfrei & Manfred Kleidorfer & Wolfgang Rauch & David McCarthy, 2013. "Modelling Interactions Between Lot-Scale Decentralised Water Infrastructure and Urban Form – a Case Study on Infiltration Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(14), pages 4845-4863, November.
    2. Akanksha Balha & Amit Singh & Suneel Pandey & Reetesh Kumar & Javed Mallick & Chander Kumar Singh, 2023. "Assessing the Impact of Land-Use Dynamics to Predict the Changes in Hydrological Variables Using Effective Impervious Area (EIA)," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 37(10), pages 3999-4014, August.
    3. John Raffensperger & Thomas Cochrane, 2010. "A Smart Market for Impervious Cover," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(12), pages 3065-3083, September.
    4. S. Tang & W. Luo & Z. Jia & W. Liu & S. Li & Y. Wu, 2016. "Evaluating Retention Capacity of Infiltration Rain Gardens and Their Potential Effect on Urban Stormwater Management in the Sub-Humid Loess Region of China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(3), pages 983-1000, February.
    5. Sanat Nalini Sahoo & P. Sreeja, 2016. "Relationship between peak rainfall intensity (PRI) and maximum flood depth (MFD) in an urban catchment of Northeast India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 83(3), pages 1527-1544, September.
    6. Vasilis Bellos & George Tsakiris, 2015. "Comparing Various Methods of Building Representation for 2D Flood Modelling In Built-Up Areas," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(2), pages 379-397, January.
    7. Rebeka Sultana & Mike Mroczek & Ashmita Sengupta & Suzanne Dallman & Eric D. Stein, 2020. "Improving Effective Impervious Estimates to Inform Stormwater Management," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(2), pages 747-762, January.

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