IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/joiaen/v5y2016i1d10.1186_s13731-016-0057-5.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sex differences in entrepreneurs’ business growth intentions: an identity approach

Author

Listed:
  • Leonidas A. Zampetakis

    (University Campus)

  • Maria Bakatsaki

    (University Campus)

  • Konstantinos Kafetsios

    (University of Crete)

  • Vassilis S. Moustakis

    (University Campus)

Abstract

The present empirical study explores the effects of gender role and cultural identity (masculinity and femininity) in mens’ and womens’ business growth intentions in established firms. A questionnaire survey was completed by 572 business owners (286 females). Results from moderated mediation regression analyses found that masculinity and femininity fully mediated the effects of entrepreneurs’ sex on business growth intentions. Females who had higher femininity orientation and independent self-construal reported lower growth intention compared to those with lower independent self-construal. The study extends theoretical and empirical research on the effects of identity on business growth intentions while applications of the results are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonidas A. Zampetakis & Maria Bakatsaki & Konstantinos Kafetsios & Vassilis S. Moustakis, 2016. "Sex differences in entrepreneurs’ business growth intentions: an identity approach," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:joiaen:v:5:y:2016:i:1:d:10.1186_s13731-016-0057-5
    DOI: 10.1186/s13731-016-0057-5
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1186/s13731-016-0057-5
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1186/s13731-016-0057-5?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Johan Wiklund & Dean Shepherd, 2003. "Aspiring for, and Achieving Growth: The Moderating Role of Resources and Opportunities," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(8), pages 1919-1941, December.
    2. C. Praag & Peter Versloot, 2007. "What is the value of entrepreneurship? A review of recent research," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 29(4), pages 351-382, December.
    3. Frédéric Delmar & Johan Wiklund, 2008. "The Effect of Small Business Managers’ Growth Motivation on Firm Growth: A Longitudinal Study," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 32(3), pages 437-457, May.
    4. Erik Stam & Kashifa Suddle & Jolanda Hessels & André van Stel, 2009. "High-Growth Entrepreneurs, Public Policies, and Economic Growth," International Studies in Entrepreneurship, in: Rui Baptista & Joao Leitao (ed.), Public Policies for Fostering Entrepreneurship, chapter 0, pages 91-110, Springer.
    5. Cassar, Gavin, 2006. "Entrepreneur opportunity costs and intended venture growth," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 21(5), pages 610-632, September.
    6. KruegerJR, Norris F. & Reilly, Michael D. & Carsrud, Alan L., 2000. "Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 15(5-6), pages 411-432.
    7. Wai–sum Siu & Eric Siu–chung Lo, 2013. "Cultural Contingency in the Cognitive Model of Entrepreneurial Intention," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 37(2), pages 147-173, March.
    8. Helene Ahl, 2006. "Why Research on Women Entrepreneurs Needs New Directions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 30(5), pages 595-621, September.
    9. Dutta, Dev K. & Thornhill, Stewart, 2008. "The evolution of growth intentions: Toward a cognition-based model," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 307-332, May.
    10. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    11. Xinshu Zhao & John G. Lynch & Qimei Chen, 2010. "Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths about Mediation Analysis," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 37(2), pages 197-206, August.
    12. Steven M. Farmer & Xin Yao & Kate Kung–Mcintyre, 2011. "The Behavioral Impact of Entrepreneur Identity Aspiration and Prior Entrepreneurial Experience," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 35(2), pages 245-273, March.
    13. C. Chet Miller & Nathan T. Washburn & William H. Glick, 2013. "PERSPECTIVE—The Myth of Firm Performance," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 24(3), pages 948-964, June.
    14. Elias G. Carayannis & Elpida T. Samara & Yannis L. Bakouros, 2015. "Innovation and Entrepreneurship," Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management, Springer, edition 127, number 978-3-319-11242-8, March.
    15. Chen, Chao C. & Greene, Patricia Gene & Crick, Ann, 1998. "Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 295-316, July.
    16. Julia I. Lane & John C. Haltiwanger & James Spletzer, 1999. "Productivity Differences across Employers: The Roles of Employer Size, Age, and Human Capital," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(2), pages 94-98, May.
    17. Amy E. Davis & Kelly G. Shaver, 2012. "Understanding Gendered Variations in Business Growth Intentions across the Life Course," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 36(3), pages 495-512, May.
    18. Eddleston, Kimberly A. & Powell, Gary N., 2008. "The role of gender identity in explaining sex differences in business owners' career satisfier preferences," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 244-256, March.
    19. Vishal K. Gupta & Daniel B. Turban & S. Arzu Wasti & Arijit Sikdar, 2009. "The Role of Gender Stereotypes in Perceptions of Entrepreneurs and Intentions to Become an Entrepreneur," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 33(2), pages 397-417, March.
    20. Scott Shane, 2009. "Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(2), pages 141-149, August.
    21. Barbara Bird & Candida Brush, 2002. "A Gendered Perspective on Organizational Creation," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 26(3), pages 41-65, April.
    22. Dean Shepherd & J. Michael Haynie, 2009. "Family Business, Identity Conflict, and an Expedited Entrepreneurial Process: A Process of Resolving Identity Conflict," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 33(6), pages 1245-1264, November.
    23. Lisa F Carver & Afshin Vafaei & Ricardo Guerra & Aline Freire & Susan P Phillips, 2013. "Gender Differences: Examination of the 12-Item Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI-12) in an Older Brazilian Population," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(10), pages 1-1, October.
    24. Cliff, Jennifer E., 1998. "Does one size fit all? exploring the relationship between attitudes towards growth, gender, and business size," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 13(6), pages 523-542, November.
    25. Christopher L. Shook & David J. Ketchen & G. Tomas M. Hult & K. Michele Kacmar, 2004. "An assessment of the use of structural equation modeling in strategic management research," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(4), pages 397-404, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Samuel Godadaw Ayinaddis, 2023. "Socio-economic factors affecting women’s entrepreneurial performance in MSEs in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 1-21, December.
    2. Cho, Eunho & Okafor, Collins & Ujah, Nacasius & Zhang, Linmei, 2021. "Executives’ gender-diversity, education, and firm’s bankruptcy risk: Evidence from China," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Douglas, Evan J. & Shepherd, Dean A. & Venugopal, Vidhula, 2021. "A multi-motivational general model of entrepreneurial intention," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(4).
    2. Douglas, Evan J., 2013. "Reconstructing entrepreneurial intentions to identify predisposition for growth," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 28(5), pages 633-651.
    3. Watson, John & Stuetzer, Michael & Zolin, Roxanne, 2017. "Female underperformance or goal-oriented behavior?," MPRA Paper 88403, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Ioannis Giotopoulos & Alexandra Kontolaimou & Aggelos Tsakanikas, 2017. "Drivers of high-quality entrepreneurship: what changes did the crisis bring about?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 48(4), pages 913-930, April.
    5. Ladge, Jamie & Eddleston, Kimberly A. & Sugiyama, Keimei, 2019. "Am I an entrepreneur? How imposter fears hinder women entrepreneurs’ business growth," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 62(5), pages 615-624.
    6. Mohd Hizam Hanafiah, & Sheikh Usman Yousaf, & Bushra Usman,, 2017. "The influence of psychological capital on the growth intentions of entrepreneurs: A study on Malaysian SME entrepreneurs," Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), Prague Development Center, vol. 13(5), pages 556-569, December.
    7. Anca-Otilia Dodescu & Elena-Aurelia Botezat & Alexandru Constăngioară & Ioana-Crina Pop-Cohuţ, 2021. "A Partial Least-Square Mediation Analysis of the Contribution of Cross-Campus Entrepreneurship Education to Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-26, August.
    8. HERMANS, Julie & VANDERSTRAETEN, Johanna & DEJARDIN, Marcus & RAMDANI, Dendi & STAM, Erik & VAN WITTELOOSTUIJN, Arjen, 2012. "Ambitious entrepreneurship: Antecedents and consequences," Working Papers 2012023, University of Antwerp, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    9. Li Yaokuang & Wang Jing & Long Dan, 2019. "How do Institutions Inspire Ambitions? Differentiating Institutional Effects on Entrepreneurial Growth Intentions: Evidence from China," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 9(4), pages 1-19, October.
    10. M. Knockaert & M. Der Foo & T. Erikson, 2011. "Determinants of entrepreneurs’ growth intentions. A cognitive style perspective," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 11/720, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    11. José Pedro Carreón-Gutiérrez & José Manuel Saiz-Álvarez, 2019. "Opportunity Motivation and Growth Aspirations of Mexican Entrepreneurs: The Moderating Role of the Household Income," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-15, November.
    12. Ana Laguía & Cristina García-Ael & Dominika Wach & Juan A. Moriano, 2019. "“Think entrepreneur - think male”: a task and relationship scale to measure gender stereotypes in entrepreneurship," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 749-772, September.
    13. Lakshmi Balachandra & Tony Briggs & Kim Eddleston & Candida Brush, 2019. "Don’t Pitch Like a Girl!: How Gender Stereotypes Influence Investor Decisions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(1), pages 116-137, January.
    14. Sarah Mahdjour, 2015. "Set Up For Growth? — An Exploratory Analysis Of The Relationship Of Growth Intention And Business Models," International Journal of Innovation Management (ijim), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 19(06), pages 1-31, December.
    15. Jay Mitra & Asma Basit, 2021. "Personal networks and growth aspirations: a case study of second-generation, Muslim, female entrepreneurs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 121-143, January.
    16. Nicolás Contreras-Barraza & Juan Felipe Espinosa-Cristia & Guido Salazar-Sepulveda & Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, 2021. "Entrepreneurial Intention: A Gender Study in Business and Economics Students from Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-14, April.
    17. Gina Santos & Carla Susana Marques & João J. Ferreira, 2018. "A look back over the past 40 years of female entrepreneurship: mapping knowledge networks," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 115(2), pages 953-987, May.
    18. Justo, Rachida & DeTienne, Dawn R. & Sieger, Philipp, 2015. "Failure or voluntary exit? Reassessing the female underperformance hypothesis," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 775-792.
    19. Erik Lundmark & Anna Krzeminska & Dean A. Shepherd, 2019. "Images of Entrepreneurship: Exploring Root Metaphors and Expanding Upon Them," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(1), pages 138-170, January.
    20. Shirokova, Galina & Osiyevskyy, Oleksiy & Bogatyreva, Karina, 2016. "Exploring the intention–behavior link in student entrepreneurship: Moderating effects of individual and environmental characteristics," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 386-399.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:joiaen:v:5:y:2016:i:1:d:10.1186_s13731-016-0057-5. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.