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Gender Differences: Examination of the 12-Item Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI-12) in an Older Brazilian Population

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  • Lisa F Carver
  • Afshin Vafaei
  • Ricardo Guerra
  • Aline Freire
  • Susan P Phillips

Abstract

Objectives: Although gender is often acknowledged as a determinant of health, measuring its components, other than biological sex, is uncommon. The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) quantifies self-attribution of traits, indicative of gender roles. The BSRI has been used with participants across cultures and countries, but rarely in an older population in Brazil, as we have done in this study. Our primary objective was to determine whether the BSRI-12 can be used to explore gender in an older Brazilian population. Methods: The BSRI was completed by volunteer participants, all community dwelling adults aged 65+ living in Natal, Brazil. Exploratory factor analysis was performed, followed by a varimax rotation (orthogonal solution) for iteration to examine the underlying gender roles of feminine, masculine, androgynous and undifferentiated, and to validate the BSRI in older adults in Brazil. Results: The 278 participants, (80 men, 198 women) were 65–99 years old (average 73.6 for men, 74.7 for women). Age difference between sexes was not significant (p = 0.22). A 12 item version of the BSRI (BSRI-12) previously validated among Spanish seniors was used and showed validity with 5 BSRI-12 items (Cronbach=0.66) loading as feminine, 6 items (Cronbach=0.51) loading onto masculine roles and neither overlapping with the category of biological sex of respondent. Conclusions: Although the BSRI-12 appears to be a valid indicator of gender among elderly Brazilians, the gender role status identified with the BSRI-12 was not correlated with being male or female.

Suggested Citation

  • Lisa F Carver & Afshin Vafaei & Ricardo Guerra & Aline Freire & Susan P Phillips, 2013. "Gender Differences: Examination of the 12-Item Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI-12) in an Older Brazilian Population," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(10), pages 1-1, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0076356
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076356
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sophie Horstmann & Corinna Schmechel & Kerstin Palm & Sabine Oertelt-Prigione & Gabriele Bolte, 2022. "The Operationalisation of Sex and Gender in Quantitative Health–Related Research: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-21, June.
    2. Sara De Meyer & Olivier Degomme & Kristien Michielsen, 2024. "Gender Diversity Among Young Adolescents: Are Gender Attitudes, Sexual Orientation, Gender Roles, Gender Identity and Sex Assigned at Birth Associated With Liking to Become a Wo/Man and the Body Image," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(3), pages 21582440241, August.
    3. Francisco Liñán & Inmaculada Jaén & Domingo Martín, 2022. "Does entrepreneurship fit her? Women entrepreneurs, gender-role orientation, and entrepreneurial culture," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 1051-1071, February.
    4. Leonidas A. Zampetakis & Maria Bakatsaki & Konstantinos Kafetsios & Vassilis S. Moustakis, 2016. "Sex differences in entrepreneurs’ business growth intentions: an identity approach," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 1-20, December.
    5. Samuel P. León & Cristina Abengózar Sánchez & José María Augusto-Landa & Inmaculada García-Martínez, 2021. "Analysis of Sexual Inhibition and Satisfaction from a Gender Perspective among University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-12, July.

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