IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/epolin/v49y2022i3d10.1007_s40812-022-00221-5.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A market for digital privacy: consumers’ willingness to trade personal data and money

Author

Listed:
  • Anna D’Annunzio

    (TBS Business School)

  • Elena Menichelli

    (University of Stavanger)

Abstract

This paper analyzes the trade-off consumers face between monetary benefits and personal data disclosure. We use survey data from Norway to study respondents’ willingness to share data in exchange for a discount (WSD) and to pay to keep data private (WPP) for a list of personal data often exchanged online. Additionally, we study the effects of various consumer demographics and attitudes on WPP and WSD. We find that WSD and WPP change for different personal data. WPP is lower than WSD for low-sensitivity data, such as age. WSD increases when the data are used for personalization and when users interact with institutions they trust. WPP is higher than WSD for data personally identifying a respondent, such as pictures. Providing paid privacy protection for these data is a valuable service. Financial institutions and mobile operators are better positioned than others to offer this service. Younger respondents show a higher WPP.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna D’Annunzio & Elena Menichelli, 2022. "A market for digital privacy: consumers’ willingness to trade personal data and money," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 49(3), pages 571-598, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:epolin:v:49:y:2022:i:3:d:10.1007_s40812-022-00221-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s40812-022-00221-5
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40812-022-00221-5
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s40812-022-00221-5?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mark Yuying An, 1996. "Semiparametric Estimation of Willingness to Pay Distributions," Econometrics 9611001, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Gordon Burtch & Anindya Ghose & Sunil Wattal, 2015. "The Hidden Cost of Accommodating Crowdfunder Privacy Preferences: A Randomized Field Experiment," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 61(5), pages 949-962, May.
    3. Bates, Douglas & Mächler, Martin & Bolker, Ben & Walker, Steve, 2015. "Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 67(i01).
    4. An, Mark Y. & Roberto Ayala, 1995. "A Mixture Model of Willingness to Pay Distributions," Working Papers 95-21, Duke University, Department of Economics.
    5. A. G. Winegar & C. R. Sunstein, 2019. "How Much Is Data Privacy Worth? A Preliminary Investigation," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 425-440, September.
    6. Michael Kummer & Patrick Schulte, 2019. "When Private Information Settles the Bill: Money and Privacy in Google’s Market for Smartphone Applications," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(8), pages 3470-3494, August.
    7. Yu, Lu & Li, He & He, Wu & Wang, Feng-Kwei & Jiao, Shiqiao, 2020. "A meta-analysis to explore privacy cognition and information disclosure of internet users," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    8. Cam Donaldson & Ruth Thomas & David Torgerson, 1997. "Validity of open-ended and payment scale approaches to eliciting willingness to pay," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(1), pages 79-84.
    9. Li, Baibing & Martin, Elaine B. & Morris, A. Julian, 2002. "On principal component analysis in L1," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 471-474, September.
    10. Mary J. Culnan & Pamela K. Armstrong, 1999. "Information Privacy Concerns, Procedural Fairness, and Impersonal Trust: An Empirical Investigation," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 10(1), pages 104-115, February.
    11. Alessandro Acquisti & Hal R. Varian, 2005. "Conditioning Prices on Purchase History," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 24(3), pages 367-381, May.
    12. Grazia Cecere & Fabrice Le Guel & Matthieu Manant & Nicolas Soulié, 2017. "The Economics of Privacy," Grenoble Ecole de Management (Post-Print) hal-01557755, HAL.
    13. B O'Brien & A Gafni, 1996. "When Do the "Dollars" Make Sense? Toward a Conceptual Framework for Contingent Valuation Studies in Health Care," Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis Working Paper Series 1996-22, Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
    14. Nape, Steven & Frykblom, Peter & Harrison, Glenn W. & Lesley, James C., 2003. "Hypothetical bias and willingness to accept," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 78(3), pages 423-430, March.
    15. Bernie O'Brien & Amiram Gafni, 1996. "When Do the "Dollars" Make Sense?," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 16(3), pages 288-299, August.
    16. Eva-Maria Schomakers & Chantal Lidynia & Martina Ziefle, 2020. "All of me? Users’ preferences for privacy-preserving data markets and the importance of anonymity," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 30(3), pages 649-665, September.
    17. Karen Blumenschein & Glenn C. Blomquist & Magnus Johannesson & Nancy Horn & Patricia Freeman, 2008. "Eliciting Willingness to Pay Without Bias: Evidence from a Field Experiment," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 118(525), pages 114-137, January.
    18. Alessandro Acquisti & Curtis Taylor & Liad Wagman, 2016. "The Economics of Privacy," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 54(2), pages 442-492, June.
    19. Tobias Regner & Gerhard Riener, 2017. "Privacy Is Precious: On the Attempt to Lift Anonymity on the Internet to Increase Revenue," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(2), pages 318-336, June.
    20. George R. Milne & George Pettinico & Fatima M. Hajjat & Ereni Markos, 2017. "Information Sensitivity Typology: Mapping the Degree and Type of Risk Consumers Perceive in Personal Data Sharing," Journal of Consumer Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(1), pages 133-161, March.
    21. Feri, Francesco & Giannetti, Caterina & Jentzsch, Nicola, 2016. "Disclosure of personal information under risk of privacy shocks," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 138-148.
    22. Tamara Dinev & Paul Hart, 2006. "An Extended Privacy Calculus Model for E-Commerce Transactions," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 17(1), pages 61-80, March.
    23. Andrea Isoni & Graham Loomes & Robert Sugden, 2011. "The Willingness to Pay—Willingness to Accept Gap, the "Endowment Effect," Subject Misconceptions, and Experimental Procedures for Eliciting Valuations: Comment," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(2), pages 991-1011, April.
    24. Paul A. Pavlou & David Gefen, 2004. "Building Effective Online Marketplaces with Institution-Based Trust," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 15(1), pages 37-59, March.
    25. Janice Y. Tsai & Serge Egelman & Lorrie Cranor & Alessandro Acquisti, 2011. "The Effect of Online Privacy Information on Purchasing Behavior: An Experimental Study," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 22(2), pages 254-268, June.
    26. F. Feri & C. Giannetti & N. Jentzsch, 2016. "Disclosure of Personal Information under Risk of Privacy Shocks - 2nd ed," Working Papers wp1055, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
    27. Leslie K. John & Alessandro Acquisti & George Loewenstein, 2011. "Strangers on a Plane: Context-Dependent Willingness to Divulge Sensitive Information," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 37(5), pages 858-873.
    28. Alessandro Acquisti & Leslie K. John & George Loewenstein, 2013. "What Is Privacy Worth?," The Journal of Legal Studies, University of Chicago Press, vol. 42(2), pages 249-274.
    29. Pratt, John W & Zeckhauser, Richard J, 1996. "Willingness to Pay and the Distribution of Risk and Wealth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 104(4), pages 747-763, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Federico Boffa & Amedeo Piolatto & Evila Piva & Florian Schuett, 2022. "Industry dynamics in digital markets," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 49(3), pages 401-407, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Morlok, Tina & Matt, Christian & Hess, Thomas, 2017. "Privatheitsforschung in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften: Entwicklung, Stand und Perspektiven," Working Papers 1/2017, University of Munich, Munich School of Management, Institute for Information Systems and New Media.
    2. Helia Marreiros & Mirco Tonin & Michael Vlassopoulos & M.C. Schraefel, 2016. "“Now that you mention it”: A Survey Experiment on Information, Salience and Online Privacy," BEMPS - Bozen Economics & Management Paper Series BEMPS34, Faculty of Economics and Management at the Free University of Bozen.
    3. Bleier, Alexander & Goldfarb, Avi & Tucker, Catherine, 2020. "Consumer privacy and the future of data-based innovation and marketing," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 466-480.
    4. Marreiros, Helia & Tonin, Mirco & Vlassopoulos, Michael & Schraefel, M.C., 2017. "“Now that you mention it”: A survey experiment on information, inattention and online privacy," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 1-17.
    5. Fast, Victoria & Sachs, Nikolai & Schnurr, Daniel, 2021. "Privacy Decision-Making in Digital Markets: Eliciting Individuals' Preferences for Transparency," 23rd ITS Biennial Conference, Online Conference / Gothenburg 2021. Digital societies and industrial transformations: Policies, markets, and technologies in a post-Covid world 238020, International Telecommunications Society (ITS).
    6. Biener, Christian & Eling, Martin & Lehmann, Martin, 2020. "Balancing the desire for privacy against the desire to hedge risk," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 608-620.
    7. Tawfiq Alashoor & Mark Keil & H. Jeff Smith & Allen R. McConnell, 2023. "Too Tired and in Too Good of a Mood to Worry About Privacy: Explaining the Privacy Paradox Through the Lens of Effort Level in Information Processing," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 34(4), pages 1415-1436, December.
    8. Fehrenbach, David & Herrando, Carolina, 2021. "The effect of customer-perceived value when paying for a product with personal data: A real-life experimental study," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 222-232.
    9. David Chavanne, 2018. "Generalized Trust, Need for Cognitive Closure, and the Perceived Acceptability of Personal Data Collection," Games, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-18, April.
    10. Alisa Frik & Luigi Mittone, 2016. "Factors Influencing the Perceived Websites' Privacy Trustworthiness and Users' Purchase Intentions," CEEL Working Papers 1609, Cognitive and Experimental Economics Laboratory, Department of Economics, University of Trento, Italia.
    11. Hung-Pin Shih & Wuqiang Liu, 2023. "Beyond the trade-offs on Facebook: the underlying mechanisms of privacy choices," Information Systems and e-Business Management, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 353-387, June.
    12. Beke, Frank T. & Eggers, Felix & Verhoef, Peter C. & Wieringa, Jaap E., 2022. "Consumers’ privacy calculus: The PRICAL index development and validation," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 20-41.
    13. Alessandro Acquisti & Leslie K. John & George Loewenstein, 2013. "What Is Privacy Worth?," The Journal of Legal Studies, University of Chicago Press, vol. 42(2), pages 249-274.
    14. Caleb S. Fuller, 2019. "Is the market for digital privacy a failure?," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 180(3), pages 353-381, September.
    15. Henrik Andersson & Nicolas Treich, 2011. "The Value of a Statistical Life," Chapters, in: André de Palma & Robin Lindsey & Emile Quinet & Roger Vickerman (ed.), A Handbook of Transport Economics, chapter 17, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    16. Lu, Baozhou & Yi, Xiaoyang, 2023. "Institutional trust and repurchase intention in the sharing economy: The moderating roles of information privacy concerns and security concerns," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    17. Jeffrey T. Prince & Scott Wallsten, 2022. "How much is privacy worth around the world and across platforms?," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(4), pages 841-861, November.
    18. Henrik Andersson & James K. Hammitt & Kristian Sundström, 2015. "Willingness to Pay and QALYs: What Can We Learn about Valuing Foodborne Risk?," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 66(3), pages 727-752, September.
    19. Katharina Baum & Olga Abramova & Stefan Meißner & Hanna Krasnova, 2023. "The effects of targeted political advertising on user privacy concerns and digital product acceptance: A preference-based approach," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 33(1), pages 1-17, December.
    20. Joseph R. Buckman & Jesse C. Bockstedt & Matthew J. Hashim, 2019. "Relative Privacy Valuations Under Varying Disclosure Characteristics," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 30(2), pages 375-388, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:epolin:v:49:y:2022:i:3:d:10.1007_s40812-022-00221-5. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.