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Change in Socioeconomic Inequality in Minimum Dietary Diversity among Children Aged 6–23 Months in India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Abhipsa Tripathy

    (Utkal University)

  • Divya Kanwar Bhati

    (Bruyere Research Institute)

  • Shobhit Srivastava

    (International Institute for Population Sciences)

  • Prem Shankar Mishra

    (Population Research Centre, Institute for Social and Economic Change)

Abstract

The World Health Organization considered minimum dietary diversity (MDD) as one of the eight core indicators as a part of feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months. However, there is limited evidence on examining the change in socioeconomic status (SES) related inequality for MDD. Therefore, the present study aims to estimate the extent of SES-related inequality concentration for minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months. Additionally, factors that contributed to SES-related inequality were estimated in the present study. Data was utilized from the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2005–06 (NFHS-III) and 2015–16 (NFHS-IV). The effective sample size for this study was 14,422 children for NFHS- III and 74,132 children for NFHS- IV. The outcome variable was minimum dietary diversity among children aged 6–23 months. The explanatory variables were divided into three categories: 1. Mother's characteristics 2. Child characteristics, 3. Household characteristics. Descriptive statistics along with binary logistic regression analyses were used to fulfill the study objectives. Additionally, the concentration index was used to measure the extent of inequality that exists in MDD among children. Moreover, decomposition analysis was also used to estimate the factors which contributed to the socioeconomic status-related inequality for MDD among children aged 6–23 months. Overall, the MDD among children aged 6–23 months was 14.2% in 2005–06 which is increased to 20.4% in 2015–16, and it is found lower among children from poor socioeconomic status. The odds for children who received MDD was higher among children from the richest wealth quintile [2005–06 (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 2.54; CI: 2.02,3.18)] and [2015–16 (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 1.34; CI:1.23,1.47)]. The value of the concentration index decreased from 0.248 in 2005–06 to 0.116 in 2015–16. Mother's educational status contributed about 43.8% in SES-related inequality for MDD in 2005–06 which decreased to 35.5% in 2015–16. Additionally, the wealth index contributed nearly 48.8% in SES-related inequality for MDD in 2005–06 which decreased to 29.9% in 2015–16. Between these two periods, the inequality among poor and non-poor children aged 6–23 months in MDD and factors contributing to MDD has decreased. More community-driven and cost-effective social interventions are needed to meet the MDD intake goal for all children aged between 6–23 months. This implies that the mother's education level alone is not sufficient for MDD among children. Instead, exposure to information may be important given the current nutritional transition in India. The emphasis should be on rigorous awareness and social interventions designed to improve minimum diversified​​ dietary intake among Indian children.​

Suggested Citation

  • Abhipsa Tripathy & Divya Kanwar Bhati & Shobhit Srivastava & Prem Shankar Mishra, 2023. "Change in Socioeconomic Inequality in Minimum Dietary Diversity among Children Aged 6–23 Months in India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 16(3), pages 1049-1071, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:chinre:v:16:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s12187-022-10004-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s12187-022-10004-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vir, Sheila & Sreenath, K.C & Bose, Vijayluxmi & Chauhan, Kavita & Mathur, Shivani & Menon, Subhadra, 2014. "National policies and strategic plans to tackle undernutrition in India: A review," POSHAN reports 2, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    2. repec:mpr:mprres:6844 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Hoddinott, John & Yohannes, Yisehac, 2002. "Dietary diversity as a food security indicator," FCND discussion papers 136, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    4. Mishra, Prem Shankar & Choudhary, Prashant Kumar & Anand, Ankit, 2020. "Migration and child health: Understanding the coverage of child immunization among migrants across different socio-economic groups in India," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
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