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L'activité réduite favorise-t-elle la sortie du chômage ?

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  • Pierre Granier
  • Xavier Joutard

Abstract

[ger] Begùnstigt eine geringfùgige Beschaftigung die Uberwindung der Arbeitsiosigkeit? Die zunehmende Vielfalt der Beschàftigungsformen und - die sich verândernden Regeln bei der Behandlung der Arbeitsuchenden haben zur Folge, da sich die Unterscheidung zwischen Beschaftigung und Arbeitsiosigkeit immer mehr verwischt. Beispielsweise kônnendiebeimArbeitsamtgemeldeten Arbeitsuchenden auch weiterhin ihre Unterstùtzungr beziehen, wenn sie einer «geringfùgigen Beschaftigung» nachgehen.- In einem Zeitraum von drei Jahren befânde sich jeder zweite Arbeitslose irgendwann einmal in einer solchen Situation. , Fur die Ausûbung einer geringfùgigen Beschaftigung sind - wie es scheint - die Dauer der Arbeitsiosigkeit und der Grund fur die Registrierung beim Arbeitsamt ausschlaggebend. Die meisten geringfûgig Beschàftigten waren ein Jahr lang arbeitslos; ferner sind solche Beschàftigungen hâufiger bei den Personen anzutreffen, die vor ihrer Arbeitsiosigkeit einen befristeten Arbeitsvertrag hatten und somit unsichere Arbeitsverhâltnisse kannten. Die Beantwortung der Frage, welchen EinfluR geringfùgige Beschàftigungsverhàltnisse auf den Zugang zu Normalarbeitsverhâltnissen haben, ist komplex und unterscheidet sich je nach der Art: zu berùcksichtigen sind hierbei die unmittelbaren Effekte und die rûckwirkenden Effekte solcher Praktiken. Auch wenn: der unmittelbare Effekt zuweilen negativ sein kann, so hat es dennoch den Anschein, daB solche Beschàftigungsverhàltnisse die kùnftige Eingliederung in den Arbeitsmarkt erleichtern.. [spa] Favorece la actividad reducida a la salida del paro ? Con la diversidad creciente de las formas de empleo y de la evoluciôn de las reglas de gestion de los parados, la diferencia entre el empleo y el paro se ha vuelto mâs borrosa. En especial, los parados inscritos en la Agencia Nacional para el Empleo pueden seguir cobrando su subsidio y ejercer una « activida reducida ». En un periodo . de très anos uno de cada dos parados conoce esta situaciôn en determinado momento. La influencia de la duraciôn del paro, y la del motivo de inscripciôn resultar ser déterminantes para las prâcticas de actividades reducidas. La prâctica reducida del paro se da con mâs intensidad al ano de estar en el paro. Esta prâctica es mâs frecuente entre los individuos que han Ilegado al paro tras un contrato de trabajo temporal y de hecho han experimentado la precariedad. La influencia de las prâcticas de actividades reducidas sobre la transiciôn hacia el empleo es compleja y variable : se asocian unos efectos inmediatos y unos efectos persistentes de prâcticas anteriores. Si bien el efecto inmediato puede ser a veces negativo. parece que estas prâcticas hacen que la inserciôn futura en el mercado laboral sea menos dura. [eng] Can Working a Limited Number of Hours reduce enemployement ? The growing diversity of employment forms and changes in the rules on how job seekers are handled have created a grey area between employment and unemployment. In particular, job seekers signed on with job centres can continue to receive their benefit even if they work a number of hours below a given ceiling. Over a three-year period, half of all job seekers work limited hours at some stage or another. The influence of the length of unemployment and the reason for signing on appear to determine whether a limited number of hours are worked. This practice is most intensive after one year of unemployment and more frequent among individuals who became unemployed at the end of a short-term employment contract and have therefore experienced job insecurity. The influence of working limited hours on the transition to employment is complex and gender specific. Immediate effects combine with the persistent effects of past limited working hours. . Although the immediate effect is sometimes negative, working a limited number of hours would appear to make future integration into the labour market less difficult. [fre] L'activité réduite favorise-t-elle la sortie du chômage ? Avec la diversité croissante des formes d'emploi et l'évolution des règles de gestion des demandeurs d'emploi, la distinction entre l'emploi et le chômage est devenue plus floue. En particulier, les demandeurs inscrits à l'ANPE sont susceptibles de continuer à percevoir leur allocation tout en exerçant une « activité réduite ». Sur une période de trois ans, un chômeur sur deux serait concerné par cette situation à un moment ou à un autre. L'influence de la durée passée au chômage et celle du motif d'inscription apparaissent déterminantes pour les pratiques d'activités réduites. C'est au bout d'un an de chômage que la pratique d'activité réduite est la plus intensive et cette pratique est plus fréquente parmi les individus entrés au chômage à l'issue d'un CDD et ayant donc, de ce fait, connu la précarité. L'influence des, pratiques d'activités réduites sur la transition vers l'emploi s'avère complexe et différente selon le sexe : se conjuguent des effets immédiats et des effets persistants de pratiques passés. Même si l'effet immédiat peut en être parfois négatif, il semble que ces pratiques rendent moins difficile l'insertion future sur le marché du travail.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Granier & Xavier Joutard, 1999. "L'activité réduite favorise-t-elle la sortie du chômage ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 321(1), pages 133-148.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1999_num_321_1_6192
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1999.6192
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1999.6192
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ham, John C & LaLonde, Robert J, 1996. "The Effect of Sample Selection and Initial Conditions in Duration Models: Evidence from Experimental Data on Training," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 64(1), pages 175-205, January.
    2. Michèle Ruggiero, 1992. "Ancienneté au chômage et principaux facteurs associés," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 105(4), pages 35-53.
    3. Liliane Bonnal & Denis Fougère, 1990. "Les déterminants individuels de la durée du chômage," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 96(5), pages 45-82.
    4. Liliane Bonnal & Denis Fougère & Anne Sérandon, 1997. "Evaluating the Impact of French Employment Policies on Individual Labour Market Histories," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 64(4), pages 683-713.
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    1. Mathieu Bunel & Elisabeth Tovar, 2015. "Crise économique, durée du chômage et accès local à l’emploi : Eléments d’analyse et pistes d’actions de politique," TEPP Research Report 2015-04, TEPP.
    2. Florent Fremigacci & Antoine Terracol, 2013. "Subsidized temporary jobs: lock-in and stepping stone effects," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(33), pages 4719-4732, November.
    3. Jacques Freyssinet & Olivier Passet & Jean-Paul Fitoussi, 2000. "Réduction du chômage : les réussites en Europe," Working Papers hal-00972689, HAL.
    4. David M. Gray, 2006. "Recent Changes to the Employment Insurance Regime: Encouraging Work On-claim and Off-claim," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 32(1), pages 99-110, March.
    5. Cockx, Bart & Robin, Stéphane R. & Goebel, Christian, 2006. "Income Support Policies for Part-Time Workers: A Stepping-Stone to Regular Jobs? An Application to Young Long-Term Unemployed Women in Belgium," IZA Discussion Papers 2432, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. B. Cockx & C. Goebel & S. Robin, 2009. "Is income support for part-time workers a steppingstone to regular jobs? An application to young long-term unemployed women," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 09/561, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    7. Cathel Kornig & Isabelle Recotillet, 2016. "Transition chômage-emploi : employeurs et demandeurs d'emploi face à l'activité réduite," Post-Print halshs-02288907, HAL.
    8. Bart Cockx & Christian Goebel & Stéphane Robin, 2013. "Can income support for part-time workers serve as a stepping-stone to regular jobs? An application to young long-term unemployed women," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 44(1), pages 189-229, February.
    9. Muriel Letrait, 2002. "L'utilisation par les chômeurs du temps libéré par l'absence d'emploi," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 352(1), pages 101-125.

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