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Revenu offert, prétentions salariales et activité des femmes mariées : un modèle d'analyse

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  • Stefan Lollivier

Abstract

[fre] Le taux d'activité des femmes subit les influences simultanées de nombreux facteurs. Les plus importantes d'entre elles peuvent être quantifiées une par une grâce à une analyse « toutes choses égales par ailleurs » qui élimine les effets de structure. Il apparaît alors qu'un revenu élevé du mari a un effet propre négatif. Il en est de même du nombre d'enfants, s'il est au moins égal à deux. La possession d'un diplôme a au contraire un effet propre positif. Comment expliquer ces disparités? Les facteurs sous-jacents peuvent augmenter ou diminuer le revenu qu'une femme peut espérer tirer de son activité (revenu offert), ainsi que le revenu à partir duquel elle sera prête à travailler (salaire demandé). Divers cas de figure se présentent. Le revenu du mari n'agit qu'au travers du salaire demandé. Quand le nombre d'enfants atteint ou dépasse deux, le revenu offert diminue et le salaire demandé augmente : les effets se cumulent pour réduire le taux d'activité. Avec un diplôme, les femmes ont des prétentions salariales un peu plus fortes, mais les employeurs sont prêts à les payer bien davantage, ce qui explique l'augmentation du taux d'activité dans ce cas. [eng] Offered income, salary expectations and the professional activity of married women : an analysis model - The rate of women's professional activity is subject to the simultaneous influence of numerous factors. Among them, the most important can be quantified individually by virtue of an analysis — ,, all things being equal " — which eliminates structural effects. It seems, then, that the high income of a husband has a specifically negative effect. The same is true of the number of children, if it is at least equal to two. The possession of a diploma, on the contrary, has a specifically positive effect. How can these disparities be explained? Underlying factors can increase or decrease the income that a woman can hope to derive from her activity (offered income), as well as the minimum income for which she will be ready to work (required salary). Diverse configurations present themselves. The husband's income has an influence only on the required salary. When the number of children reaches or exceeds two, the offered income decreases and the required salary increases : the effects accumulate, reducing the rate of activity. With a diploma, women have slightly greater salary expectations, but employers are ready to pay them much more, which explains the increase in the rate of professional activity in this case. [spa] Ingreso ofrecido, pretensiones salariales y actividad de las mujeres casadas : Modelo de análisis - El coeficiente de actividad de las mujeres es objeto de influencias simultineas de numerosos factores. Los de mayor importancia se pueden cuantiar, uno tras otro, mediante un análisis « tal y como están las coass por otro lado » el cual elimina los efectos de estructura. Parece ser, entonces, que un elevado ingreso del marido suite, un efecto propio negativo. Los mismo ocurre con el numéro de hijos, si este se eleva por lo menos a dos. El ser diplomada tiene, al contrario, un efecto propio positivo. ¿Como explicar estas desemejanzas? Los factores subyacentes pueden incrementar o disminuir el ingreso que una mujer puede conflar conseguir de su actividad (ingreso ofrecido) asi como el ingreso a partir del cual estará dispuesta a trabajar (sueldo solicitado). Se presentan diversos casos. El ingreso del marido actúa tan solo a traves del sueldo pelido. Cuando el número de hijos llega a dos o los supera, el ingreso ofrecido disminuye y el salario pelido se incrementa : los efectos se cumulan para reducir el coeficiente de actividad. Con un diploma, las mujeres tienen pretensiones salariales algo más elevadas, mas los empleadores están dispuestos a remunerarlas mucho más, lo cual explica el incremento del coeficiente de actividad en este caso.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefan Lollivier, 1984. "Revenu offert, prétentions salariales et activité des femmes mariées : un modèle d'analyse," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 167(1), pages 3-15.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1984_num_167_1_4869
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1984.4869
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1984.4869
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    1. James J. Heckman, 1976. "The Common Structure of Statistical Models of Truncation, Sample Selection and Limited Dependent Variables and a Simple Estimator for Such Models," NBER Chapters, in: Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Volume 5, number 4, pages 475-492, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Daniel Depardieu, 1981. "Où rechercher les disparités de salaire ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 130(1), pages 45-60.
    3. Robert Salais & Marie-Geneviève Michal, 1971. "L'activité des femmes mariées," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 26(1), pages 27-35.
    4. Daniel Verger, 1983. "L'achat d'un logement ne va pas sans achats d'équipements," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 161(1), pages 23-32.
    5. repec:cai:popine:popu_p1975_30n3_0616 is not listed on IDEAS
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    1. Mireille Elbaum, 1988. "Stages, emplois et salaires d'embauche : l'insertion des jeunes à quel prix ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 211(1), pages 5-21.
    2. Alain Lery, 1984. "Les actives de 1982 n'ont pas moins d'enfants que celles de 1968," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 171(1), pages 25-34.

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