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Induction de la demande de soins par les médecins libéraux français. Étude micro-économétrique sur données de panel

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  • Éric Delattre
  • Brigitte Dormont

Abstract

[fre] Cette étude a pour objet d'analyser les comportements d'offre de soins des médecins libéraux français. On dispose pour cela d'un panel non cylindre de 7 925 médecins omnipraticiens ou spécialistes, des secteurs 1 ou 2, suivis sur la période 1979-1993 et représentatif de la population concernée. Les estimations mettent en évidence l'existence de comportements de demande induite indéniables dans le secteur 1 . Ces comportements permettent aux médecins de limiter les rationnements qu'ils subissent sur le nombre de rencontres médecin-patient quand la densité médicale augmente, et de les compenser par une augmentation du volume de soins fournis au cours de chaque rencontre. Dans le secteur 2 (à honoraires libres), la réaction des médecins aux variations de la densité est compatible avec une absence de comportements d'induction. En effet, une élévation de la densité médicale conduit dans ce secteur à une baisse des tarifs et à une augmentation de l'activité, réactions conformes aux prédictions d'un modèle d'offre de soins basé sur l'hypothèse de concurrence monopolistique. Au total, on constate qu'une augmentation de la densité entraîne une hausse des quantités de soins fournies dans les deux secteurs. En outre, les baisses de tarifs observées dans le secteur 2 ne contribuent pas à un rééquilibrage des comptes sociaux, puisqu'elles ne concernent que les dépassements. Enfin, nos évaluations permettent d'établir que les élasticités estimées au niveau microéconomique correspondent, au niveau macroéconomique, à une forte dérive de la consommation de soins en liaison avec l'augmentation du nombre de médecins. [eng] Health Care Demand Induced by French Self-Employed Doctors. A Microeconometric Study Based on Panel Data by Eric Delattre et Brigitte Dormont . A much-debated hypothesis in health economics is the supply-induced demand hypothesis (SID), which posits that suppliers can manipulate demand for their services. This article tests for the existence of SID behaviour using unbalanced panel data covering 7,925 French self-employed Sector 1 and Sector 2 GPs and specialised doctors from 1979 to 1993. These data are representative of the population in question. Estimates provide strong evidence of SID behaviour in Sector 1. Such behaviour entails self-employed doctors restricting the rationing in the number of doctor-patient consultations to which they are subject when doctor density increases and offsetting this phenomenon by raising the volume of care provided per consultation. In Sector 2 (where doctors freely set their fees), doctors' reactions to density variations are compatible with the absence of SID behaviour. An increase in doctor density in Sector 2 brings about a drop in fees and an increase in activity. These reactions are consistent with the predictions of a monopolistic competition model of health care supply. To conclude, we find that a rise in doctor density brings about a rise in the volume of health care supplied in both Sector 1 and Sector 2. In addition, the fee reductions observed in Sector 2 do not help balance the social security system accounts, since these reductions only concern surcharges. Lastly, we establish that our estimated microeconomic elasticities create a massive macroeconomic drift in health care consumption, related to the increase in the number of doctors.

Suggested Citation

  • Éric Delattre & Brigitte Dormont, 2000. "Induction de la demande de soins par les médecins libéraux français. Étude micro-économétrique sur données de panel," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 142(1), pages 137-161.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_2000_num_142_1_5993
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.2000.5993
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.2000.5993
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    2. Elise Coudin & Anne Pla & Anne‐Laure Samson, 2015. "GP responses to price regulation: evidence from a French nationwide reform," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(9), pages 1118-1130, September.
    3. Choné, P. & Coudin, É. & Pla, A., 2014. "Are physician fees responsive to competition?," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 14/20, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    4. Sophie Béjean & Christine Peyron & Renaud Urbinelli, 2007. "Variations in activity and practice patterns: a French study for GPs," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 8(3), pages 225-236, September.
    5. E. Delattre & B. Dormont, 2000. "Testing for supplier-induced demand behavior : A panel data study on French physicians," THEMA Working Papers 2000-42, THEMA (THéorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications), Université de Cergy-Pontoise.

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