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Bubbles Are Departures from Equilibrium Housing Markets: Evidence from Singapore and Taiwan

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  • Darrell Jiajie Tay
  • Chung-I Chou
  • Sai-Ping Li
  • Shang You Tee
  • Siew Ann Cheong

Abstract

The housing prices in many Asian cities have grown rapidly since mid-2000s, leading to many reports of bubbles. However, such reports remain controversial as there is no widely accepted definition for a housing bubble. Previous studies have focused on indices, or assumed that home prices are lognomally distributed. Recently, Ohnishi et al. showed that the tail-end of the distribution of (Japan/Tokyo) becomes fatter during years where bubbles are suspected, but stop short of using this feature as a rigorous definition of a housing bubble. In this study, we look at housing transactions for Singapore (1995 to 2014) and Taiwan (2012 to 2014), and found strong evidence that the equilibrium home price distribution is a decaying exponential crossing over to a power law, after accounting for different housing types. We found positive deviations from the equilibrium distributions in Singapore condominiums and Zhu Zhai Da Lou in the Greater Taipei Area. These positive deviations are dragon kings, which thus provide us with an unambiguous and quantitative definition of housing bubbles. Also, the spatial-temporal dynamics show that bubble in Singapore is driven by price pulses in two investment districts. This finding provides a valuable insight for policymakers on implementation and evaluation of cooling measures.

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  • Darrell Jiajie Tay & Chung-I Chou & Sai-Ping Li & Shang You Tee & Siew Ann Cheong, 2016. "Bubbles Are Departures from Equilibrium Housing Markets: Evidence from Singapore and Taiwan," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(11), pages 1-13, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0166004
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166004
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    1. Wang, Wen-Kai & Lin, Che-Chun & Tsai, I-Chun, 2022. "Long- and short-term price behaviors in presale housing markets in Taiwan," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 350-364.
    2. Brian Lee & Po-Yuan Cheng & Lih-Chyun Sun & Yi-Ting Hsieh & Hung-Hao Chang, 2022. "Does COVID-19 Affect Farmland Prices? How and Why?," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Takayuki Mizuno & Takaaki Ohnishi & Tsutomu Watanabe, 2019. "Detecting stock market bubbles based on the cross-sectional dispersion of stock prices," CARF F-Series CARF-F-463, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo.
    4. Mizuno, Takayuki & Ohnishi, Takaaki & Watanabe, Tsutomu, 2017. "Stock market bubble detection based on the price dispersion among similar listed Firms," HIT-REFINED Working Paper Series 67, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    5. Takayuki Mizuno & Takaaki Ohnishi & Tsutomu Watanabe, 2019. "Detecting stock market bubbles based on the cross-sectional dispersion of stock prices," Working Papers on Central Bank Communication 010, University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Economics.
    6. Chang, Hung-Hao, 2020. "Does the room sharing business model disrupt housing markets? Empirical evidence of Airbnb in Taiwan," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).

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