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The Complex Interaction between Home Environment, Socioeconomic Status, Maternal IQ and Early Child Neurocognitive Development: A Multivariate Analysis of Data Collected in a Newborn Cohort Study

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  • Luca Ronfani
  • Liza Vecchi Brumatti
  • Marika Mariuz
  • Veronica Tognin
  • Maura Bin
  • Valentina Ferluga
  • Alessandra Knowles
  • Marcella Montico
  • Fabio Barbone

Abstract

Background: The relative role of socioeconomic status (SES), home environment and maternal intelligence, as factors affecting child cognitive development in early childhood is still unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze the association of SES, home environment and maternal IQ with child neurodevelopment at 18 months. Methods: The data were collected prospectively in the PHIME study, a newborn cohort study carried out in Italy between 2007 and 2010. Maternal nonverbal abilities (IQ) were evaluated using the Standard Progressive Matrices, a version of the Raven’s Progressive Matrices; a direct evaluation of the home environment was carried out with the AIRE instrument, designed using the HOME (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment) model; the socioeconomic characteristics were evaluated using the SES index which takes into account parents occupation, type of employment, educational level, homeownership. The study outcome was child neurodevelopment evaluated at 18 months, with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (BSID III). Linear regression analyses and mediation analyses were carried out to evaluate the association between the three exposures, and the scaled scores of the three main scales of BSID III (cognitive, language and motor scale), with adjustment for a wide range of potential explanatory variables. Results: Data from 502 mother-child pairs were analyzed. Mediation analysis showed a relationship between SES and maternal IQ, with a complete mediation effect of home environment in affecting cognitive and language domains. A direct significant effect of maternal IQ on the BSID III motor development scale and the mediation effect of home environment were found. Conclusions: Our results show that home environment was the variable with greater influence on neurodevelopment at 18 months. The observation of how parents and children interact in the home context is crucial to adequately evaluate early child development.

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  • Luca Ronfani & Liza Vecchi Brumatti & Marika Mariuz & Veronica Tognin & Maura Bin & Valentina Ferluga & Alessandra Knowles & Marcella Montico & Fabio Barbone, 2015. "The Complex Interaction between Home Environment, Socioeconomic Status, Maternal IQ and Early Child Neurocognitive Development: A Multivariate Analysis of Data Collected in a Newborn Cohort Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0127052
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127052
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ken B Hanscombe & Maciej Trzaskowski & Claire M A Haworth & Oliver S P Davis & Philip S Dale & Robert Plomin, 2012. "Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Children's Intelligence (IQ): In a UK-Representative Sample SES Moderates the Environmental, Not Genetic, Effect on IQ," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(2), pages 1-16, February.
    2. Katarzyna Jednoróg & Irene Altarelli & Karla Monzalvo & Joel Fluss & Jessica Dubois & Catherine Billard & Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz & Franck Ramus, 2012. "The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Children’s Brain Structure," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(8), pages 1-9, August.
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    1. Florencia Barreto-Zarza & Manuel Sánchez de Miguel & Jesús Ibarluzea & Llúcia González-Safont & Marisa Rebagliato & Enrique B. Arranz-Freijo, 2021. "Family Context Assessment in Middle Childhood: A Tool Supporting Social, Educational, and Public Health Interventions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-17, January.
    2. Md Ashraful Alam & Stephanie A Richard & Shah Mohammad Fahim & Mustafa Mahfuz & Baitun Nahar & Subhasish Das & Binod Shrestha & Beena Koshy & Estomih Mduma & Jessica C Seidman & Laura E Murray-Kolb & , 2020. "Impact of early-onset persistent stunting on cognitive development at 5 years of age: Results from a multi-country cohort study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, January.
    3. Gianmatteo Farabolini & Maria Gabriella Ceravolo & Andrea Marini, 2023. "Towards a Characterization of Late Talkers: The Developmental Profile of Children with Late Language Emergence through a Web-Based Communicative-Language Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-15, January.

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