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Is Violent Radicalisation Associated with Poverty, Migration, Poor Self-Reported Health and Common Mental Disorders?

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  • Kamaldeep Bhui
  • Nasir Warfa
  • Edgar Jones

Abstract

Background: Doctors, lawyers and criminal justice agencies need methods to assess vulnerability to violent radicalization. In synergy, public health interventions aim to prevent the emergence of risk behaviours as well as prevent and treat new illness events. This paper describes a new method of assessing vulnerability to violent radicalization, and then investigates the role of previously reported causes, including poor self-reported health, anxiety and depression, adverse life events, poverty, and migration and socio-political factors. The aim is to identify foci for preventive intervention. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of a representative population sample of men and women aged 18–45, of Muslim heritage and recruited by quota sampling by age, gender, working status, in two English cities. The main outcomes include self-reported health, symptoms of anxiety and depression (common mental disorders), and vulnerability to violent radicalization assessed by sympathies for violent protest and terrorist acts. Results: 2.4% of people showed some sympathy for violent protest and terrorist acts. Sympathy was more likely to be articulated by the under 20s, those in full time education rather than employment, those born in the UK, those speaking English at home, and high earners (>£75,000 a year). People with poor self-reported health were less likely to show sympathies for violent protest and terrorism. Anxiety and depressive symptoms, adverse life events and socio-political attitudes showed no associations. Conclusions: Sympathies for violent protest and terrorism were uncommon among men and women, aged 18–45, of Muslim heritage living in two English cities. Youth, wealth, and being in education rather than employment were risk factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Kamaldeep Bhui & Nasir Warfa & Edgar Jones, 2014. "Is Violent Radicalisation Associated with Poverty, Migration, Poor Self-Reported Health and Common Mental Disorders?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-10, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0090718
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090718
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Whmck Wijekoon & B. Pramono & R. E. Hadisancoko, 2023. "South India political parties influence on India's Foreign Policy of Tamil Separatism in Sri Lanka," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 40(1), pages 334-355, February.
    2. Michael Wolfowicz & Yael Litmanovitz & David Weisburd & Badi Hasisi, 2021. "Cognitive and behavioral radicalization: A systematic review of the putative risk and protective factors," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(3), September.
    3. Daniel Allington & David Hirsh & Louise Katz, 2023. "Antisemitism is predicted by anti-hierarchical aggression, totalitarianism, and belief in malevolent global conspiracies," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Thomas Gries & Veronika Müller, 2020. "Conflict Economics and Psychological Human Needs," Working Papers CIE 135, Paderborn University, CIE Center for International Economics.
    5. Michael Wolfowicz & Yael Litmanovitz & David Weisburd & Badi Hasisi, 2020. "PROTOCOL: Cognitive and behavioral radicalization: A systematic review of the putative risk and protective factors," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 16(3), September.
    6. Michael Wolfowicz & Badi Hasisi & David Weisburd, 2021. "PROTOCOL: What are the effects of different elements of media on radicalization outcomes? A systematic review," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(1), March.
    7. Izabela Zych & Elena Nasaescu, 2022. "Is radicalization a family issue? A systematic review of family‐related risk and protective factors, consequences, and interventions against radicalization," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(3), September.
    8. Nicolas Campelo & Laura Bouzar & Alice Oppetit & Hugues Pellerin & Serge Hefez & Guillaume Bronsard & David Cohen & Dounia Bouzar, 2018. "Joining the Islamic State from France between 2014 and 2016: an observational follow-up study," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 4(1), pages 1-10, December.
    9. Anna Levinsson & Diana Miconi & Zhiyin Li & Rochelle L. Frounfelker & Cécile Rousseau, 2021. "Conspiracy Theories, Psychological Distress, and Sympathy for Violent Radicalization in Young Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-12, July.

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