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Racial/ethnic discrimination and common mental disorders among workers: Findings from the EMPIRIC study of ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom

Author

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  • Bhui, K.
  • Stansfeld, S.
  • McKenzie, K.
  • Karlsen, S.
  • Nazroo, J.
  • Weich, S.

Abstract

Objectives. We measured perceived discrimination and its association with common mental disorders among workers in the United Kingdom. Methods. We conducted a secondary analysis of a national sample of 6 ethnic groups (n = 2054). Discrimination was measured as reports of insults; unfair treatment at work; or job denial stemming from race, religion, or language. The outcome assessed was presence of common mental disorders. Results. The risk of mental disorders was highest among ethnic minority individuals reporting unfair treatment (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 3.2) and racial insults (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.4, 3.6). The overall greatest risks were observed among Black Caribbeans exposed to unfair treatment at work (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.2, 7.3) and Indian (OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.4, 7.2), Bangladeshi (OR = 32.9; 95% CI = 2.5, 436.0), and Irish (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.1, 7.6) individuals reporting insults. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic discrimination shows strong associations with common mental disorders.

Suggested Citation

  • Bhui, K. & Stansfeld, S. & McKenzie, K. & Karlsen, S. & Nazroo, J. & Weich, S., 2005. "Racial/ethnic discrimination and common mental disorders among workers: Findings from the EMPIRIC study of ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(3), pages 496-501.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2003.033274_8
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2003.033274
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    Cited by:

    1. Jianwei Deng & Zhennan Wu & Tianan Yang & Yunfei Cao & Zhenjiao Chen, 2020. "Effect of Work Environment on Presenteeism among Aging American Workers: The Moderated Mediating Effect of Cynical Hostility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-14, July.
    2. Alison Daly & Renee N Carey & Ellie Darcey & HuiJun Chih & Anthony D LaMontagne & Allison Milner & Alison Reid, 2018. "Workplace psychosocial stressors experienced by migrant workers in Australia: A cross-sectional study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(9), pages 1-19, September.
    3. Schnittker, Jason, 2020. "Religion, social integration, and depression in Europe: Evidence from the European Social Survey," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    4. Gee, Gilbert C. & Spencer, Michael & Chen, Juan & Yip, Tiffany & Takeuchi, David T., 2007. "The association between self-reported racial discrimination and 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders among Asian Americans nationwide," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 64(10), pages 1984-1996, May.
    5. Hudson, Darrell L. & Puterman, Eli & Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten & Matthews, Karen A. & Adler, Nancy E., 2013. "Race, life course socioeconomic position, racial discrimination, depressive symptoms and self-rated health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 7-14.
    6. June S.L. Brown & Sarah J. Casey & Amanda J. Bishop & Marta Prytys & Naureen Whittinger & John Weinman, 2011. "How Black African and White British Women Perceive Depression and Help-Seeking: a Pilot Vignette Study," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 57(4), pages 362-374, July.
    7. van der Wal, J.M. & Huth, K.B.S. & Lok, A. & Bockting, C.L. & Stronks, K. & Nicolaou, M., 2024. "Exploring the mechanisms underlying increased risk of depressive disorder in ethnic minority populations in Europe: A causal loop diagram," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    8. Gee, Gilbert & Walsemann, Katrina, 2009. "Does health predict the reporting of racial discrimination or do reports of discrimination predict health? Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(9), pages 1676-1684, May.
    9. Kamaldeep Bhui & Nasir Warfa & Edgar Jones, 2014. "Is Violent Radicalisation Associated with Poverty, Migration, Poor Self-Reported Health and Common Mental Disorders?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-10, March.
    10. Kelaher, M. & Paul, Sheila & Lambert, Helen & Ahmad, Waqar & Paradies, Yin & Davey Smith, George, 2008. "Discrimination and health in an English study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(7), pages 1627-1636, April.
    11. Ewa Johnsson & Krystyna Zolkowska & Thomas F McNeil, 2015. "Prediction of adaptation difficulties by country of origin, cumulate psychosocial stressors and attitude toward integrating: A Swedish study of first-generation immigrants from Somalia, Vietnam and Ch," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 61(2), pages 174-182, March.
    12. Javier Alvarez-Galvez & Luis Salvador-Carulla, 2013. "Perceived Discrimination and Self-Rated Health in Europe: Evidence from the European Social Survey (2010)," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(9), pages 1-1, September.
    13. Alfonso Urzúa & Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar & Diego Henríquez & Marcos Domic & Daniel Acevedo & Sebastian Ralph & Gonzalo Reyes & Diego Tang, 2021. "Ethnic Identity as a Mediator of the Relationship between Discrimination and Psychological Well-Being in South—South Migrant Populations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-13, February.
    14. Seung-Sup Kim & David R Williams, 2012. "Perceived Discrimination and Self-Rated Health in South Korea: A Nationally Representative Survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(1), pages 1-8, January.

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