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Ethnic Identity as a Mediator of the Relationship between Discrimination and Psychological Well-Being in South—South Migrant Populations

Author

Listed:
  • Alfonso Urzúa

    (Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile)

  • Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar

    (Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile)

  • Diego Henríquez

    (Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile)

  • Marcos Domic

    (Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile)

  • Daniel Acevedo

    (Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile)

  • Sebastian Ralph

    (Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile)

  • Gonzalo Reyes

    (Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile)

  • Diego Tang

    (Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile)

Abstract

There is abundant evidence about the negative impact of discrimination on well-being, but less research on factors that can reduce this negative effect, mainly focused on North American samples and with incipient development on South–South migration. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of ethnic identity on the relationship between the experience of racial and ethnic discrimination and psychological well-being in Colombian immigrants living in Chile. A total of 962 immigrants over the age of 18 from three cities in Chile participated. Of these, 50.7% were women. The average age was 35 years (SD = 10.23). Participants were evaluated using Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales, Phinney’s adapted version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Scale, and Krieger’s Discrimination Experience Scale. After the analysis of the measurement models, a mediation model was analyzed using structural equations. The results provide evidence that ethnic and racial discrimination have negative effects on psychological well-being, with the effect of racial discrimination being greater. Likewise, ethnic identity has positive effects on psychological well-being and partially and completely mediates the effects of ethnic and racial discrimination on psychological well-being. The full effect of discrimination on psychological well-being, mediated by ethnic identity, is exercised only by racial discrimination and not by ethnic discrimination.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfonso Urzúa & Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar & Diego Henríquez & Marcos Domic & Daniel Acevedo & Sebastian Ralph & Gonzalo Reyes & Diego Tang, 2021. "Ethnic Identity as a Mediator of the Relationship between Discrimination and Psychological Well-Being in South—South Migrant Populations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:5:p:2359-:d:507719
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bhui, K. & Stansfeld, S. & McKenzie, K. & Karlsen, S. & Nazroo, J. & Weich, S., 2005. "Racial/ethnic discrimination and common mental disorders among workers: Findings from the EMPIRIC study of ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(3), pages 496-501.
    2. Wallace, S. & Nazroo, J. & Bécares, L., 2016. "Cumulative effect of racial discrimination on the mental health of ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(7), pages 1294-1300.
    3. Cuevas, A.G. & Dawson, B.A. & Williams, D.R., 2016. "Race and skin color in latino health: An analytic review," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(12), pages 2131-2136.
    4. Krieger, Nancy & Smith, Kevin & Naishadham, Deepa & Hartman, Cathy & Barbeau, Elizabeth M., 2005. "Experiences of discrimination: Validity and reliability of a self-report measure for population health research on racism and health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(7), pages 1576-1596, October.
    5. Harrell, J.P. & Hall, S. & Taliaferro, J., 2003. "Physiological responses to racism and discrimination: An assessment of the evidence," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 93(2), pages 243-248.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alfonso Urzúa & Diego Henríquez & Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar & Rodrigo Landabur, 2021. "Ethnic Identity and Collective Self-Esteem Mediate the Effect of Anxiety and Depression on Quality of Life in a Migrant Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Diego Henríquez & Alfonso Urzúa & Wilson López-López, 2023. "Social Support as a Mediator of the Relationship between Identity Fusion and Psychological Well-Being in South—South Migrant Populations," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 1113-1135, September.

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