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Do wild ungulates experience higher stress with humans than with large carnivores?

Author

Listed:
  • Adam Zbyryt
  • Jakub W Bubnicki
  • Dries P J Kuijper
  • Martin Dehnhard
  • Marcin Churski
  • Krzysztof Schmidt
  • Bob WongHandling editor

Abstract

Predation is a major selective pressure for prey; however, whether it evokes stronger stress response relative to anthropogenic factors in wild populations of animals is not clear. We studied the stress levels in red deer and roe deer in 6 populations exposed to potentially different levels of stress. We showed that stress levels in wild ungulate populations are lower and less variable in areas with large carnivores than in carnivore-free areas where human-related factors predominate.

Suggested Citation

  • Adam Zbyryt & Jakub W Bubnicki & Dries P J Kuijper & Martin Dehnhard & Marcin Churski & Krzysztof Schmidt & Bob WongHandling editor, 2018. "Do wild ungulates experience higher stress with humans than with large carnivores?," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 29(1), pages 19-30.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:beheco:v:29:y:2018:i:1:p:19-30.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/beheco/arx142
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stewart Liley & Scott Creel, 2008. "What best explains vigilance in elk: characteristics of prey, predators, or the environment?," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 19(2), pages 245-254.
    2. Youngjo Lee & John A. Nelder, 2006. "Double hierarchical generalized linear models (with discussion)," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 55(2), pages 139-185, April.
    3. Valeria Hochman & Burt P. Kotler, 2007. "Patch use, apprehension, and vigilance behavior of Nubian Ibex under perceived risk of predation," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 18(2), pages 368-374.
    4. Dries P.J. Kuijper & Jakub W. Bubnicki & Marcin Churski & Bjorn Mols & Pim van Hooft, 2015. "Context dependence of risk effects: wolves and tree logs create patches of fear in an old-growth forest," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 26(6), pages 1558-1568.
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