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Makroökonomische Effekte der 25- jährigen EU-Mitgliedschaft Österreichs

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  • Fritz Breuss

Abstract

Österreich ist – zusammen mit Finnland und Schweden – vor 25 Jahren der EU beigetreten. Als Mitglied der Europäischen Freihandelsassoziation (European Free Trade Association, EFTA) hat sich Österreich über das Freihandelsabkommen mit der Europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft (EWG) 1973 und durch die Teilnahme am Europäischen Wirtschaftsraum (EWR) 1994 handelspolitisch der EU bereits zuvor stark angenähert. Österreich hat mit dem Beitritt zur EU 1995 an allen darauffolgenden vertiefenden Schritten der EU-Integration (Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion, WWU mit der Einführung des Euro; Schengener Abkommen) und an der EU-Erweiterung teilgenommen. Politisch ist Österreich durch die EU-Mitgliedschaft europäischer und moderner geworden und auch ökonomisch hat es von allen Stufen der Integration profitiert. Die Teilnahme am EU-Binnenmarkt, an der WWU mit dem Euro und an den EU-Erweiterungen hat zu einem jährlichen Anstieg des realen BIP von 0,8 Prozentpunkten beigetragen. Die größten wirtschaftlichen Impulse kamen von der Teilnahme am Binnenmarkt (+0,4 Prozentpunkte) und der EU-Erweiterung (+0,3 Prozentpunkte); die Einführung des Euro steuerte 0,1 Prozentpunkte zum jährlichen BIP-Wachstum bei. Bereits durch die Ostöffnung 1989 rückte Österreich vom Rand Europas in dessen Mitte. Die EU-Erweiterungen beginnend ab 2004 verstärkten diese Entwicklung und erlaubten Österreich eine volle Teilhabe an der „Mini-Globalisierung“ vor der Haustüre.

Suggested Citation

  • Fritz Breuss, 2020. "Makroökonomische Effekte der 25- jährigen EU-Mitgliedschaft Österreichs," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q1-Q2/20, pages 27-48.
    • Handle: RePEc:onb:oenbmp:y:2020:i:q1-q2/20:b:1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fritz Breuss, 2010. "Globalisation, EU enlargement and income distribution," International Journal of Public Policy, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 6(1/2), pages 16-34.
    2. Harald Oberhofer, 2019. "Die Handelseffekte von Österreichs EU-Mitgliedschaft und des Europäischen Binnenmarktes," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 92(12), pages 883-890, December.
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    5. Yvonne Wolfmayr, 2019. "Ungenutzte Handels- und Wohlfahrtspotentiale des Europäischen Binnenmarktes für Waren," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 92(12), pages 891-906, December.
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    8. Fritz Breuss & Kurt Kratena & Fritz Schebeck, 1994. "Effekte eines EU-Beitritts für die Gesamtwirtschaft und für die einzelnen Sektoren," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 67(5), pages 18-33, May.
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    10. Birgit Bednar-Friedl & Jörn Kleinert (ed.), 2016. "Dynamic Approaches to Global Economic Challenges," Springer Books, Springer, edition 1, number 978-3-319-23324-6, June.
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    12. Fritz Breuss, 2002. "Benefits and Dangers of EU Enlargement," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 29(3), pages 245-274, September.
    13. Fritz Breuss, 2018. "25 Years Single Market: Which Trade and Growth Effects?," WIFO Working Papers 572, WIFO.
    14. Fritz Breuss, 2017. "The United States-Euro Area Growth Gap Puzzle," WIFO Working Papers 541, WIFO.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Europäische Integration; Modellsimulationen; Länderstudien;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe

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