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Evidence of multidimensional gender inequality in energy services from a large-scale household survey in India

Author

Listed:
  • Alice Tianbo Zhang

    (Columbia University
    Washington and Lee University)

  • Sasmita Patnaik

    (Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW))

  • Shaily Jha

    (Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW))

  • Shalu Agrawal

    (Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW))

  • Carlos F. Gould

    (Columbia University
    Stanford University)

  • Johannes Urpelainen

    (Johns Hopkins University)

Abstract

Energy access delivers broad socio-economic benefits, but few studies have examined how benefits are allocated within the household. Here we conduct a large-scale survey with 4,624 respondents across six Indian states to provide results on intra-household differences across multiple outcome dimensions of energy service, including knowledge, satisfaction, utilization and opinion. Using a Women’s Empowerment Index (WEI) to measure household-level gender equality, we find that women in low-WEI households are less aware of energy services and use less electricity than their spouses. This awareness gap manifests in differences in satisfaction, as women in higher-WEI households show more concern with energy services and fuel sources. Overall, these results signify that the ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach of providing energy access may not effectively meet the goal of sustainable energy for all. Bridging the gender gap through targeted information and learning campaigns that empower and educate women could unlock additional support for sustainable energy policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Alice Tianbo Zhang & Sasmita Patnaik & Shaily Jha & Shalu Agrawal & Carlos F. Gould & Johannes Urpelainen, 2022. "Evidence of multidimensional gender inequality in energy services from a large-scale household survey in India," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 7(8), pages 698-707, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:7:y:2022:i:8:d:10.1038_s41560-022-01044-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-022-01044-3
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