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Organic electrochemical transistors as on-site signal amplifiers for electrochemical aptamer-based sensing

Author

Listed:
  • Xudong Ji

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

  • Xuanyi Lin

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University
    The University of Hong Kong)

  • Jonathan Rivnay

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

Abstract

Electrochemical aptamer-based sensors are typically deployed as individual, passive, surface-functionalized electrodes, but they exhibit limited sensitivity especially when the area of the electrode is reduced for miniaturization purposes. We demonstrate that organic electrochemical transistors (electrolyte gated transistors with volumetric gating) can serve as on-site amplifiers to improve the sensitivity of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors. By monolithically integrating an Au working/sensing electrode, on-chip Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) counter electrode — also serving as the channel of an organic electrochemical transistor— we can simultaneously perform testing of organic electrochemical transistors and traditional electroanalytical measurement on electrochemical aptamer-based sensors including cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry. This device can directly amplify the current from the electrochemical aptamer-based sensor via the in-plane current modulation in the counter electrode/transistor channel. The integrated sensor can sense transforming growth factor beta 1 with 3 to 4 orders of magnitude enhancement in sensitivity compared to that in an electrochemical aptamer-based sensor (292 μA/dec vs. 85 nA/dec). This approach is believed to be universal, and can be applied to a wide range of tethered electrochemical reporter-based sensors to enhance sensitivity, aiding in sensor miniaturization and easing the burden on backend signal processing.

Suggested Citation

  • Xudong Ji & Xuanyi Lin & Jonathan Rivnay, 2023. "Organic electrochemical transistors as on-site signal amplifiers for electrochemical aptamer-based sensing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-37402-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37402-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xudong Ji & Bryan D. Paulsen & Gary K. K. Chik & Ruiheng Wu & Yuyang Yin & Paddy K. L. Chan & Jonathan Rivnay, 2021. "Mimicking associative learning using an ion-trapping non-volatile synaptic organic electrochemical transistor," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Dion Khodagholy & Thomas Doublet & Pascale Quilichini & Moshe Gurfinkel & Pierre Leleux & Antoine Ghestem & Esma Ismailova & Thierry Hervé & Sébastien Sanaur & Christophe Bernard & George G. Malliaras, 2013. "In vivo recordings of brain activity using organic transistors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-7, June.
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