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String Phase in an Artificial Spin Ice

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaoyu Zhang

    (Yale University
    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

  • Ayhan Duzgun

    (Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, MS B258, Los Alamos National Laboratory)

  • Yuyang Lao

    (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

  • Shayaan Subzwari

    (Yale University)

  • Nicholas S. Bingham

    (Yale University)

  • Joseph Sklenar

    (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
    Wayne State University)

  • Hilal Saglam

    (Yale University)

  • Justin Ramberger

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Joseph T. Batley

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Justin D. Watts

    (University of Minnesota
    University of Minnesota)

  • Daniel Bromley

    (University of Liverpool)

  • Rajesh V. Chopdekar

    (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

  • Liam O’Brien

    (University of Liverpool)

  • Chris Leighton

    (University of Minnesota)

  • Cristiano Nisoli

    (Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, MS B258, Los Alamos National Laboratory)

  • Peter Schiffer

    (Yale University
    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
    Yale University)

Abstract

One-dimensional strings of local excitations are a fascinating feature of the physical behavior of strongly correlated topological quantum matter. Here we study strings of local excitations in a classical system of interacting nanomagnets, the Santa Fe Ice geometry of artificial spin ice. We measured the moment configuration of the nanomagnets, both after annealing near the ferromagnetic Curie point and in a thermally dynamic state. While the Santa Fe Ice lattice structure is complex, we demonstrate that its disordered magnetic state is naturally described within a framework of emergent strings. We show experimentally that the string length follows a simple Boltzmann distribution with an energy scale that is associated with the system’s magnetic interactions and is consistent with theoretical predictions. The results demonstrate that string descriptions and associated topological characteristics are not unique to quantum models but can also provide a simplifying description of complex classical systems with non-trivial frustration.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaoyu Zhang & Ayhan Duzgun & Yuyang Lao & Shayaan Subzwari & Nicholas S. Bingham & Joseph Sklenar & Hilal Saglam & Justin Ramberger & Joseph T. Batley & Justin D. Watts & Daniel Bromley & Rajesh V. C, 2021. "String Phase in an Artificial Spin Ice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-26734-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26734-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. C. Castelnovo & R. Moessner & S. L. Sondhi, 2008. "Magnetic monopoles in spin ice," Nature, Nature, vol. 451(7174), pages 42-45, January.
    2. Alan Farhan & Charlotte F. Petersen & Scott Dhuey & Luca Anghinolfi & Qi Hang Qin & Michael Saccone & Sven Velten & Clemens Wuth & Sebastian Gliga & Paula Mellado & Mikko J. Alava & Andreas Scholl & S, 2017. "Author Correction: Nanoscale control of competing interactions and geometrical frustration in a dipolar trident lattice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-1, December.
    3. Alan Farhan & Charlotte F. Petersen & Scott Dhuey & Luca Anghinolfi & Qi Hang Qin & Michael Saccone & Sven Velten & Clemens Wuth & Sebastian Gliga & Paula Mellado & Mikko J. Alava & Andreas Scholl & S, 2017. "Nanoscale control of competing interactions and geometrical frustration in a dipolar trident lattice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-7, December.
    4. Nicolas Rougemaille & Benjamin Canals, 2019. "Cooperative magnetic phenomena in artificial spin systems: spin liquids, Coulomb phase and fragmentation of magnetism – a colloquium," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 92(3), pages 1-30, March.
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