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Defect-induced monopole injection and manipulation in artificial spin ice

Author

Listed:
  • Robert Puttock

    (National Physical Laboratory)

  • Ingrid M. Andersen

    (Centre d’Elaboration de Materiaux et d’Etudes Structurales)

  • Christophe Gatel

    (Centre d’Elaboration de Materiaux et d’Etudes Structurales)

  • Bumsu Park

    (Centre d’Elaboration de Materiaux et d’Etudes Structurales)

  • Mark C. Rosamond

    (University of Leeds)

  • Etienne Snoeck

    (Centre d’Elaboration de Materiaux et d’Etudes Structurales)

  • Olga Kazakova

    (National Physical Laboratory)

Abstract

Lithographically defined arrays of nanomagnets are well placed for application in areas such as probabilistic computing or reconfigurable magnonics due to their emergent collective dynamics and writable magnetic order. Among them are artificial spin ice (ASI), which are arrays of binary in-plane macrospins exhibiting geometric frustration at the vertex interfaces. Macrospin flips in the arrays create topologically protected magnetic charges, or emergent monopoles, which are bound to an antimonopole to conserve charge. In the absence of controllable pinning, it is difficult to manipulate individual monopoles in the array without also influencing other monopole excitations or the counter-monopole charge. Here, we tailor the local magnetic order of a classic ASI lattice by introducing a ferromagnetic defect with shape anisotropy into the array. This creates monopole injection sites at nucleation fields below the critical lattice switching field. Once formed, the high energy monopoles are fixed to the defect site and may controllably propagate through the lattice under stimulation. Defect programing of bound monopoles within the array allows fine control of the pathways of inverted macrospins. Such control is a necessary prerequisite for the realization of functional devices, e. g. reconfigurable waveguide in nanomagnonic applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Puttock & Ingrid M. Andersen & Christophe Gatel & Bumsu Park & Mark C. Rosamond & Etienne Snoeck & Olga Kazakova, 2022. "Defect-induced monopole injection and manipulation in artificial spin ice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-31309-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31309-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. C. Castelnovo & R. Moessner & S. L. Sondhi, 2008. "Magnetic monopoles in spin ice," Nature, Nature, vol. 451(7174), pages 42-45, January.
    2. D. F. Bowman & E. Cemal & T. Lehner & A. R. Wildes & L. Mangin-Thro & G. J. Nilsen & M. J. Gutmann & D. J. Voneshen & D. Prabhakaran & A. T. Boothroyd & D. G. Porter & C. Castelnovo & K. Refson & J. P, 2019. "Role of defects in determining the magnetic ground state of ytterbium titanate," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Yann Perrin & Benjamin Canals & Nicolas Rougemaille, 2016. "Extensive degeneracy, Coulomb phase and magnetic monopoles in artificial square ice," Nature, Nature, vol. 540(7633), pages 410-413, December.
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