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Emergence and spread of two SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest in Nigeria

Author

Listed:
  • Idowu B. Olawoye

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Paul E. Oluniyi

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Judith U. Oguzie

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Jessica N. Uwanibe

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Tolulope A. Kayode

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Testimony J. Olumade

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Fehintola V. Ajogbasile

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Edyth Parker

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Philomena E. Eromon

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Priscilla Abechi

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Tope A. Sobajo

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Chinedu A. Ugwu

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Uwem E. George

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Femi Ayoade

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Kazeem Akano

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Nicholas E. Oyejide

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Iguosadolo Nosamiefan

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Iyanuoluwa Fred-Akintunwa

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Kemi Adedotun-Sulaiman

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Farida B. Brimmo

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Babatunde B. Adegboyega

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Courage Philip

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Richard A. Adeleke

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Grace C. Chukwu

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Muhammad I. Ahmed

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Oludayo O. Ope-Ewe

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Shobi G. Otitoola

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Olusola A. Ogunsanya

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Mudasiru F. Saibu

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Ayotunde E. Sijuwola

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Grace O. Ezekiel

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Oluwagboadurami G. John

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Julie O. Akin-John

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Oluwasemilogo O. Akinlo

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Olanrewaju O. Fayemi

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Testimony O. Ipaye

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Deborah C. Nwodo

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Abolade E. Omoniyi

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Iyobosa B. Omwanghe

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Christabel A. Terkuma

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Johnson Okolie

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Olubukola Ayo-Ale

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Odia Ikponmwosa

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Ebo Benevolence

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Grace O. Naregose

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Akhilomen E. Patience

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Osiemi Blessing

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Airende Micheal

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Agbukor Jacqueline

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • John O. Aiyepada

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Paulson Ebhodaghe

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Omiunu Racheal

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Esumeh Rita

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Giwa E. Rosemary

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Ehikhametalor Solomon

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Ekanem Anieno

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Yerumoh Edna

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Aire O. Chris

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Adomeh I. Donatus

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Mirabeau Y. Tatfeng

    (Niger Delta University)

  • Hannah E. Omunakwe

    (Rivers State University Teaching Hospital)

  • Mienye Bob-Manuel

    (Rivers State University Teaching Hospital)

  • Rahaman A. Ahmed

    (The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research)

  • Chika K. Onwuamah

    (The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research)

  • Joseph O. Shaibu

    (The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research)

  • Azuka Okwuraiwe

    (The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research)

  • Anthony E. Ataga

    (University of Port Harcourt)

  • Andrew Bock-Oruma

    (Family Physician, SPDC)

  • Funmi Daramola

    (Clinical Health, SPDC)

  • Ibrahim F. Yusuf

    (Clinical Health, SPDC)

  • Akinwumi Fajola

    (Regional Community Health, SPDC)

  • Nsikak-Abasi Ntia

    (Occupational Health, SPDC)

  • Julie J. Ekpo

    (University of Uyo)

  • Anietie E. Moses

    (University of Uyo)

  • Beatrice W. Moore-Igwe

    (Rivers State University)

  • Oluwatosin E. Fakayode

    (Ministry of Health)

  • Monilade Akinola

    (University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital)

  • Ibrahim M. Kida

    (University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital)

  • Bamidele S. Oderinde

    (University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital)

  • Zara W. Wudiri

    (University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital)

  • Oluwapelumi O. Adeyemi

    (University of Ilorin)

  • Olusola A. Akanbi

    (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control)

  • Anthony Ahumibe

    (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control)

  • Afolabi Akinpelu

    (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control)

  • Oyeronke Ayansola

    (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control)

  • Olajumoke Babatunde

    (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control)

  • Adesuyi A. Omoare

    (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control)

  • Chimaobi Chukwu

    (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control)

  • Nwando G. Mba

    (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control)

  • Ewean C. Omoruyi

    (University of Ibadan)

  • Olasunkanmi Olisa

    (University of Ibadan)

  • Olatunji K. Akande

    (University of Ibadan)

  • Ifeanyi E. Nwafor

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Matthew A. Ekeh

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Erim Ndoma

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Richard L. Ewah

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Rosemary O. Duruihuoma

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Augustine Abu

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Elizabeth Odeh

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Venatius Onyia

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Chiedozie K. Ojide

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Sylvanus Okoro

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Daniel Igwe

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Emeka O. Ogah

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Kamran Khan

    (University of Toronto
    BlueDot)

  • Nnennaya A. Ajayi

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Collins N. Ugwu

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Kingsley N. Ukwaja

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Ngozi I. Ugwu

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Chukwuyem Abejegah

    (Federal Medical Center)

  • Nelson Adedosu

    (Federal Medical Center)

  • Olufemi Ayodeji

    (Federal Medical Center)

  • Ahmed A. Liasu

    (Federal Medical Center)

  • Rafiu O. Isamotu

    (Ministry of Health)

  • Galadima Gadzama

    (University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital)

  • Brittany A. Petros

    (Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • Katherine J. Siddle

    (Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • Stephen F. Schaffner

    (Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • George Akpede

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Cyril Oshomah Erameh

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Marycelin M. Baba

    (University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital
    University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital)

  • Femi Oladiji

    (University of Ilorin)

  • Rosemary Audu

    (The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research)

  • Nnaemeka Ndodo

    (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control)

  • Adeola Fowotade

    (Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital)

  • Sylvanus Okogbenin

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Peter O. Okokhere

    (Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital)

  • Danny J. Park

    (Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • Bronwyn L. Mcannis

    (Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • Ifedayo M. Adetifa

    (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control)

  • Chikwe Ihekweazu

    (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control)

  • Babatunde L. Salako

    (The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research)

  • Oyewale Tomori

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Anise N. Happi

    (Redeemer’s University)

  • Onikepe A. Folarin

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University)

  • Kristian G. Andersen

    (The Scripps Research Institute)

  • Pardis C. Sabeti

    (Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
    Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health)

  • Christian T. Happi

    (Redeemer’s University
    Redeemer’s University
    Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health)

Abstract

Identifying the dissemination patterns and impacts of a virus of economic or health importance during a pandemic is crucial, as it informs the public on policies for containment in order to reduce the spread of the virus. In this study, we integrated genomic and travel data to investigate the emergence and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.318 and B.1.525 (Eta) variants of interest in Nigeria and the wider Africa region. By integrating travel data and phylogeographic reconstructions, we find that these two variants that arose during the second wave in Nigeria emerged from within Africa, with the B.1.525 from Nigeria, and then spread to other parts of the world. Data from this study show how regional connectivity of Nigeria drove the spread of these variants of interest to surrounding countries and those connected by air-traffic. Our findings demonstrate the power of genomic analysis when combined with mobility and epidemiological data to identify the drivers of transmission, as bidirectional transmission within and between African nations are grossly underestimated as seen in our import risk index estimates.

Suggested Citation

  • Idowu B. Olawoye & Paul E. Oluniyi & Judith U. Oguzie & Jessica N. Uwanibe & Tolulope A. Kayode & Testimony J. Olumade & Fehintola V. Ajogbasile & Edyth Parker & Philomena E. Eromon & Priscilla Abechi, 2023. "Emergence and spread of two SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest in Nigeria," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-36449-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36449-5
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