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Understanding the failure process of sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries via operando nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Author

Listed:
  • Ziteng Liang

    (Xiamen University)

  • Yuxuan Xiang

    (Xiamen University
    Westlake University, Hangzhou)

  • Kangjun Wang

    (Xiamen University)

  • Jianping Zhu

    (Xiamen University)

  • Yanting Jin

    (Xiamen University)

  • Hongchun Wang

    (Xiamen University)

  • Bizhu Zheng

    (Xiamen University)

  • Zirong Chen

    (Xiamen University)

  • Mingming Tao

    (Xiamen University)

  • Xiangsi Liu

    (Xiamen University)

  • Yuqi Wu

    (Xiamen University)

  • Riqiang Fu

    (National High Magnetic Field Laboratory)

  • Chunsheng Wang

    (University of Maryland)

  • Martin Winter

    (University of Münster
    Helmholtz Institute Münster (IEK-12), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH)

  • Yong Yang

    (Xiamen University
    Xiamen University)

Abstract

The performance of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) is affected by the presence of electrochemically inactive (i.e., electronically and/or ionically disconnected) lithium metal and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which are jointly termed inactive lithium. However, the differentiation and quantification of inactive lithium during cycling are challenging, and their lack limits the fundamental understanding of SSLMBs failure mechanisms. To shed some light on these crucial aspects, here, we propose operando nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements for real-time quantification and evolution-tracking of inactive lithium formed in SSLMBs. In particular, we examine four different sulfide-based solid electrolytes, namely, Li10GeP2S12, Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3, Li6PS5Cl and Li7P3S11. We found that the chemistry of the solid electrolyte influences the activity of lithium. Furthermore, we demonstrate that electronically disconnected lithium metal is mainly found in the interior of solid electrolytes, and ionically disconnected lithium metal is found at the negative electrode surface. Moreover, by monitoring the Li NMR signal during cell calendar ageing, we prove the faster corrosion rate of mossy/dendritic lithium than flat/homogeneous lithium in SSLMBs.

Suggested Citation

  • Ziteng Liang & Yuxuan Xiang & Kangjun Wang & Jianping Zhu & Yanting Jin & Hongchun Wang & Bizhu Zheng & Zirong Chen & Mingming Tao & Xiangsi Liu & Yuqi Wu & Riqiang Fu & Chunsheng Wang & Martin Winter, 2023. "Understanding the failure process of sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries via operando nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-35920-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35920-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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