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Electrically driven reprogrammable phase-change metasurface reaching 80% efficiency

Author

Listed:
  • Sajjad Abdollahramezani

    (Georgia Institute of Technology)

  • Omid Hemmatyar

    (Georgia Institute of Technology)

  • Mohammad Taghinejad

    (Georgia Institute of Technology)

  • Hossein Taghinejad

    (Georgia Institute of Technology)

  • Alex Krasnok

    (Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York
    Florida International University)

  • Ali A. Eftekhar

    (Georgia Institute of Technology)

  • Christian Teichrib

    (Physikalisches Institut IA, RWTH Aachen)

  • Sanchit Deshmukh

    (Department of Electrical Engineering)

  • Mostafa A. El-Sayed

    (Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology)

  • Eric Pop

    (Department of Electrical Engineering
    Stanford University
    Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University)

  • Matthias Wuttig

    (Physikalisches Institut IA, RWTH Aachen)

  • Andrea Alù

    (Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York
    Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York)

  • Wenshan Cai

    (Georgia Institute of Technology
    School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology)

  • Ali Adibi

    (Georgia Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Phase-change materials (PCMs) offer a compelling platform for active metaoptics, owing to their large index contrast and fast yet stable phase transition attributes. Despite recent advances in phase-change metasurfaces, a fully integrable solution that combines pronounced tuning measures, i.e., efficiency, dynamic range, speed, and power consumption, is still elusive. Here, we demonstrate an in situ electrically driven tunable metasurface by harnessing the full potential of a PCM alloy, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), to realize non-volatile, reversible, multilevel, fast, and remarkable optical modulation in the near-infrared spectral range. Such a reprogrammable platform presents a record eleven-fold change in the reflectance (absolute reflectance contrast reaching 80%), unprecedented quasi-continuous spectral tuning over 250 nm, and switching speed that can potentially reach a few kHz. Our scalable heterostructure architecture capitalizes on the integration of a robust resistive microheater decoupled from an optically smart metasurface enabling good modal overlap with an ultrathin layer of the largest index contrast PCM to sustain high scattering efficiency even after several reversible phase transitions. We further experimentally demonstrate an electrically reconfigurable phase-change gradient metasurface capable of steering an incident light beam into different diffraction orders. This work represents a critical advance towards the development of fully integrable dynamic metasurfaces and their potential for beamforming applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Sajjad Abdollahramezani & Omid Hemmatyar & Mohammad Taghinejad & Hossein Taghinejad & Alex Krasnok & Ali A. Eftekhar & Christian Teichrib & Sanchit Deshmukh & Mostafa A. El-Sayed & Eric Pop & Matthias, 2022. "Electrically driven reprogrammable phase-change metasurface reaching 80% efficiency," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-29374-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29374-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Michele Cotrufo & Shaban B. Sulejman & Lukas Wesemann & Md. Ataur Rahman & Madhu Bhaskaran & Ann Roberts & Andrea Alù, 2024. "Reconfigurable image processing metasurfaces with phase-change materials," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth & Jayakumar Perumal & U. S. Dinish & Patinharekandy Prabhathan & Yuanda Liu & Ranjan Singh & Malini Olivo & Jinghua Teng, 2023. "Tunable Tamm plasmon cavity as a scalable biosensing platform for surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.

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